14 



YORKSHIRE GLACIER-LAKES. 



For many years there has been a discussion amongst geolog-ists 

 as to whether the glacial deposits were deposited under water, 

 or by land ice. The members of the old school advocated the 

 former, whilst the ' neo-glacialists ' are in favour of the latter. 

 The late Professor Carvill Lewis, a most enthusiastic and far- 

 seeing American geologist, visited England in the eighties, and 

 unquestionably his work in this country marked an era in the 

 history of glacial geology. From that time the supporters of 

 the marine orig-in of the drift became fewer and fewer, and to- 

 day they are but rarely met with. The appearance of the 

 Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London for August 

 1902 practically puts the official seal of the austere council of 

 that Society upon the discussion in favour of the glacialists. It 

 is unquestionably a remarkable number of the journal, and the 

 Fellows have never previously seen the like. Of the 270 pag-es con- 

 tained within the covers no fewer than 100 pages are devoted to 

 a paper, ' On a System of Glacier-Lakes in the Cleveland Hills,' 

 by Mr. P. F. Kendall, F.G.S., and nearly 40 pages to 'The 

 Glaciation of Teesdale, Weardale, and the Tyne Valley,' bv 

 Mr. A. R. Dwerry house, M.Sc. , F.G.S. The former contains the 

 result? of eigiit years' work upon the Cleveland area by the 

 ex-President of the Yorkshire Naturalists' L'^nion. It is divided 

 into ten parts, viz.: — (i) Introductory; (2) Modern Extra- 

 Morainic Lakes ; (3) Pleistocene Lakes, and the Criteria for 

 their Recognition ; (4) General Character of the Abandoned 

 Channels ; (5) Pre-Glacial Level of the Land ; (6) Glacial 

 Deposits and Glaciation of the Cleveland Area ; (7) The Ice- 

 Sheets ; (8) The Extra-Morainic Lakes, I. The Vale of Pickering; 

 II. Newton Dale; III. The Eskdale System of Lakes; I\'. The 

 Lakelets of Northern Cleveland ; V. The Low-Level Phases of 

 Lake Eskdale; \\. Iburndale; VII. The Eastern Coastal Tract, 

 ia) Robin Hood's Bay, {b) Peak to Cloughton and Helhvath 

 to Harwood Dale and Burniston, (r) Burniston to Scalby, 

 [d) Scalby to Filey ; VIII. The Vale of Pickering: Eastern End; 

 (9) Sequence of the Ice-Movements ; (10) The Sea-Outlet of the 

 Lakes. Each of these is dealt with in detail, the field notes, 

 containing particulars of the sections, etc., upon which the 

 conclusions are based, being exceptionally valuable. 



Mr. Kendall has been unable to detect any signs of the 

 presence of the sea in the Cleveland area at anv time during' the 



