126 New Record of Glacial Drift near Wakefield. 
(Bunter ?); Shap granite, with characteristic large felspar., 
crystals ; and a small pebble of decomposed basalt, the origin 
of which I have been unable to ascertain. 
The exact extent of the deposit could not be estimated, 
as all the adjoining ground is built over, but it seems to be quite 
small as the workmen informed me they had not seen any 
similar deposit in making excavations close at hand. Moreover, 
the material dug in the churchyard close by, is typical yellow 
Coal-measure clays and shales. It seems probable therefore, ‘ 
that this small patch may have escaped erosion by being’ ' 
preserved in a pre-glacial hollow. The gravel was but little 
waterworn, though the larger boulders, four to five inches 
across, are well rounded, while some seem to show glacial 
striations. The locality is about 250 feet above sea-level or 
about 160 feet above the level of the river Calder at Horbury. 
The general bearing of this deposit on the glacial history 
of Lower Calderdale seems to be of considerable interest. The 
researches of Professor Kendall and others have shown* that 
in late glacial times all the Pennine valleys as far south as the 
Aire had their own glaciers, which descended on to the vale of 
York. The Calder valley however, does not appear to have been 
occupied by any glacier of its own, but instead, to have been 
filled with the meltwaters of the extensive ice-sheets on the 
Pennines of East Lancashire. This suggestion is strongly 
supported by the character of the deposits on the floor of 
Calderdale, and the general contour of the valley ; while the 
researches of Dr. Jowett further indicate that the conspicuous 
gorge which truncates the Pennine watershed at Walsden is 
in reality a ‘col’ produced by the overflow of an extensive 
series of glacial lakes in East Lancashire.t East of Tod- 
morden no true boulder-clay has been recorded in Calderdale, 
and the bed of the river is composed of a sandy clay with 
numerous rounded stones, which in the neighbourhood of 
Mirfield reaches a thickness of 30 feet, t and at Dewsbury about 
50 feet. 
An undoubted eastern element, however, first makes its 
appearance at Horbury, where in addition to the small outlier 
of drift described above, Professor Fearnsides has recorded a 
similar set of erratics from the valley floor; including in 
addition the distinctive ‘rhomb-porphyry ’§ which is not. 
known in situ nearer than Scandinavia. || 
*P. F. Kendall.—Victoria County History, Yorkshire (Geology). 
Lond., 1907, pp. 79-90. 
t+ A Jowett, Quart. Journ. Geol. Socy. vol. 70, 1914, p. 215. 
t P. F. Kendall, op. cit. p. 88. 
§ There is a possibility that this is a comparatively recent introduc- 
tion.—Eb. 
|| W. G. Fearnsides, Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1901, p. 286. 
Naturalist, -. 
