170 Cheetham: Bryologists at Austwick, 
limestone rocks in shade; JT. tamariscinum frequent in all 
situations. ; 
The first excursion was via Trow Gill and across to the 
head of Crummockdale. Some nice Seligerta recurvata (S. 
setacea) was the first prize, then came the above mentioned 
Thuidia and an addition to the Lune drainage in Amblystegium 
confervoides which Mr. R. Barnes showed to belong to West 
Yorks. on page 129 of this volume ; Zygodon gracilis (Z. Nowell) 
was also seen in fair quantity ; Antitrichia curtipendula and 
Polytrichum strictum on the open ground in crossing over, and 
also Pleuridium subulatum, this latter being very frequent all 
over the district. 
In Crummockdale Hypnum falcatum var. virescens (Am- 
blystegium falcatum var. fluctuans), Grimmia Doniana, Acaulon 
muticum (Spherangium) and Cynodontium Bruntoni were the 
first to claim attention, and later Andreea petrophila, and 
crassinervia, Bryum alpinum and Hedwigia ciliata ( H. albicans). 
The next excursion was to Helwith Moss. Leucodon 
sciuroides was seen in abundance, and a little Pterogonium 
evacile (P. ornithopodioides), this being found later in fair 
quantity. On the Moss some fine Hypnum giganteum (Am- 
blystegium) and fruiting Mnium subglobosum (M. pseudo- 
punctatum), the last named new to Ribble drainage; on the 
rocks above, Grimmia funalis and subsquarrosa. 
Monday gave us a glorious day and Moughton Scar was 
visited, the Saxifraga oppositifolia in grand flower being 
highly appreciated. Of mosses, Hylocomium rugosum 
(Hypnum), Cylindrothecium concinnum (Entodon orthocarpus), 
and Thuidiwm Philiberti were the best. Down the other side 
of the hill the Andreeas, Bryum alpinum and Campylopus 
atro-virens were again seen. Additional species were Hypnum 
sarmentosum (Amblystegium), Diphyscium foliosum (Webera 
sessilis), Fissidens osmundoides and Funaria ericetorum. 
Other trips were to Oxenber Woods to see the Thuidia 
again, and here we got fruiting Fissidens decipiens, and to 
Feizor, where Funaria calcarea was gathered. 
The days passed far too quickly, and the lively discussions 
with the help of microscopes in the evenings often made the 
lamps burn midnight oil. 
———— 0 se 
Some Geographical Factors in the Great War contains 71 pages (price 
od. net, A. Brown & Sons, Ltd., Hull). In this little book Mr. T. Herdman 
describes some general considerations. Geography contains the great 
dramas of history. Great campaigns have been lost or won, attempts at 
colonizations have failed or succeeded, political arrangements have been 
fleeting or permanent according to the appreciation of geographical 
conditions shown by the leaders responsible for them. All this is shown 
in the volume, which is illustrated by a number of maps. 
Naturalist, 
