Yorkshire Naturalists at Hambleton. 289 
Derwent. From the evidence still remaining, it was originally a 
Carr Wood covered by alder, willow, poplar, and birch in the 
wetter parts, and chiefly by oak in the drier parts. Considerable 
changes have, of course, taken place by reason of constant 
felling and replanting, but although covering such a large 
acreage the wood is devoid of any particular planned zonation 
of its timber growth. The oak, both of the types peduncul ata 
and sessiliflora, is common, and there is a good admixture of 
ash, beech, sycamore, mountain elm, small-leaved elm, birch, 
alder, goat willow, crack willow, black poplar, white poplar, 
elder, geulder rose, hazel, spruce, scot’s pine, and larch. 
The type of vegetation found in the wetter parts of the wood 
is an association consisting chiefly of Angelica sylvestris, Cnicus 
palustris, Spirea ulmana, Epilobium angustifolium, Tris 
pseud-acorus, a vigorous grass sward of Aira cespitosa, and 
Poa trivialis, and an abundance of the ferns, Lastrea Filix- 
femina, L. filix-mas, and L. spinulosa. Undoubtedly one of 
the floral charms of the wetter drives was the abundance of 
Lysimachia nemorum, whose massed wealth of blossom clothed 
this particular habitat as with a ‘ cloth of gold.’ 
In the drier parts of the wood the association was of Scilla 
festalis, Allium ursinum, Primula vulgaris, Oxalis Acetosella, 
Sanicula europea and Holcus, with zones of Pteris acquilina. 
Where deeper shade occurs prominent plants are Circea 
lutetiana, Mecurialis perennis, Melica uniflora and Brachypod- 
aum sylvaticum, along with the ferns previously mentioned. 
Near the south side of the wood there is a large portion of 
ground which, some years ago, was broken up for small holdings. 
These fell into disuse, and this area was replanted with young 
trees of ash, elder, alder, birch, sycamore, larch, and species 
of pine. The ground is extremely moist, and the undergrowth 
consists of Epilobium angusttfolium, Spirea Ulmaria, Cnicus 
palustris, Scrophularia nodosa, S. aquatica, Ajuga reptans, 
Galium palustre, Digitalis purpurea, Arctium Lappa, Aira 
cespitosa, Poa trwialis, and Dactylis glomerata. The chief 
plants of the dry ridges of the cart tracks are Potentilla Tormen- 
tilla, P. veptans, and Stellaria holostea. 
A further pleasing feature of the woodland carpet is un- 
doubtedly the ferns which luxuriate to perfection. Lastrea 
Filix-femina and L. filix-mas are exceptionally common, and 
L. spinulosa is abundant also. Where practically pure oak 
occurs Pteris acquilina grows vigorously, and is of great height. 
A single patch of Polypodium Dryopteris was noted, but most 
noteworthy was Polypodium Phegopteris in one part of the wood 
covering about twelve square yards of ground, and in the im- 
mediate vicinity were other fair-sized patches of the same fern, 
A tine form of bramble was met with, thought to be the 
variety Balfourranus. It was about four and half feet in 
1915 Sept. 1. 
