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REVIEWS AND BOOK NOTICES. 
‘Rain and Rivers, the Rev. Professor Bonney and the late Col. George 
Greenwood, published in the interest of historical truth, and dedicated 
(without permission) to the Editor of the ‘‘Cambridge Manuals of Science 
and Literature ;’ by G. G. Greenwood, M.P. London: Watts & Co., 16 
pages, price 3d. This is a criticism of Prof. Bonney’s recent work on ‘ Rain 
and Rivers,’ from which it is apparent that he has not dealt fairly with 
regard to the work on ‘ Rain and Rivers’ originally written by the late 
George Greenwood. 
Studies of Trees. By J. J. Levison. London: Chapman and Hall, 
1914, pp. x. and 253, 7s. net. This book claims to be an ‘ all round book 
on trees,’ and certainly the author has brought within a very limited 
space, references to trees from an unusually large number of points of 
view, viz.: indentification, structure, uses, habits, enemies, planting, 
care, forestry and nature-study. A good feature, ‘wanting in many 
American books, is that the scientific as well as the common names are 
given of the species described, this adds nauch to its general usefulness. 
Some of his descriptions of the characters are almost too brief for indenti- 
fication, but the photographs are often a useful aid. The use of afew terms 
is unusual, e.g., where he refers to the ‘leaflets >of Tsuga. In the struc- 
ture of stems no reference is made to the bast, and we are told that the 
cambium and part of the sap-wood ‘ transport the water and food of the 
tree.’ Useful chapters deal with insect pests and fungoid diseases, and. 
there is an interesting chapter on the care of the woodland. The work 
concludes with ‘an outdoor lesson on trees,’ which is intended to en- 
courage the love of trees and things beautiful, and the author has worked 
this into a very readable summary of the more important features dealt 
with in the earlier chapters of the book. There are 155 useful illustrations, 
mostly from photographs. 
The Study of Plants: an Introduction to Botany and Plant Ecology. 
By T. W. Woodhead, M.Se., Ph.D., F.L.S. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 
440 pp., 58. 6d. Friends of Dr. Woodhead, who have been eagerly awaiting 
the publication of this book, will find their highest hopes more than 
realised. He has succeeded in presenting elementary botany in a sur- 
prisingly fresh and interesting light ; he has produced a series of drawings 
and photographs far surpassing anything we have seen in a book published 
at such a price, and he has written an elementary book so packed with 
original observation that the oldest student will find in it much that is 
new. The work is divided into five parts: Vegetative Organs, 150 Ppp. ; 
Reproductive Organs, 70 pp. ; Systematic Botany, 40 pp.; Common 
Trees and Shrubs, 45 pp. ; and Ecology, 85 pp. The subject is approached 
mainly from the physiological standpoint, plant morphology being treated 
less extensively than has usually been the case, or rather morphology 
being subordinated and related to the study of function. This comes out 
very strikingly in the constant linking up of structure and function with 
the habitat of the plant under discussion, especially in the important 
section dealing with ecology. In this book more than in any elementary 
botany we know, we become conscious that we are studying living or- 
ganisms, The plants themselves are kept before us, and the study of 
the structure of each organ is linked with its development : seeds with 
eermination, roots with growth and thickening, shoots with buds and 
their opening, and flowers with wind pollination or insect visits or whatever 
the case may be; we find a chapter on ‘ Hibernation and the Structure of 
Modified Shoots,’ and another on ‘ Movements and Attitudes of Plants.’ 
This characteristic, together with the emphasis on physiology and plant 
ecology, lift the whole subject out of the atmosphere of books and class- 
rooms, and bring it into the open-air. The book provides no tempta- 
tion to cramming: it teaches the eye to see and the mind. to interrogate. 
Teachers will find it of extreme practical value ; the examples, evidently 
1915 Sept. 1. 
