5\6 DR. J. E. GRAY ON SPONGES, [May 9, 



5. N^NIA, 



sponge thin, with expanded spreading spicules. Spicules dispersed 

 over the membrane : — 1. Fusiform, with a series of rounded distant 

 belts forming ovate knots. 2. Fusiform, blunt, with regular whorls 

 of small spines. .3. Cylindrical, with a large central longitudinal 

 slit on each end. 



N^NIA VERTICILLATA. 



Hijmei'aphia verticillata, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 268, f. 238-240. 



6. Raphyrus. 



Sponge massive. Skeleton reticulated ; fibres formed of numerous 

 fusiform or needle-like spicules, irregularly crowded together without 

 order, and united by a very small quantity of horny matter. 



Raphyrus, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 207, ii- p. 354 ; O. Schmidt, Spon. 

 Adriat. Supp. ii. p. \8 = Papillina, 0. Schmidt. 



1. Raphyrus CELATUS. 



Halichondria celata, var. a, Johnst. B. S. p. 125. 



2. Raphyrus griffithsii, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 207, t. 13. f. 265, 

 ii. p. 354. 



Papillina subera, O. Schmidt, Sp. Adriat. 69, iii. 18. B.M. 



Hah. England. 



Fam. 8. Phakelliad^. 



Sponge expanded, cup-shaped or flabellate ; spicula in bundles, 

 cylindrical, numerous, with a closely netted horny skeleton, forming 

 branched and rebranched lines, which do not inosculate. 



The structure was well described by Dr. Grant (Edin. New Phil. 

 Journ. i. p. 349). 



Phakellia. (Sea Fan-Sponge.) 



Sponge fan- or funnel-shaped, with numerous cylindrical bundles 

 of spicules, which branch and rebranch, radiating to the surface. 

 Spicules fusiform or needle-shaped, often flexuous. 



Phahellia, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 186, ii. p. 7 ; O. Schmidt, Spong. 

 Adriat. Supp ii. p. 15. 



Phakellia ventilabrum, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 186, t. 33. f. 367, 

 ii. p. 122 (cyathiform) ; O.Schmidt, Supp. ii. t. 1. f. 16. B.M. 



Spongia ventilabrum, Linn. S. N. ; Grant, Edinb. N. P. J. i. 

 p. 349, ii. p. 122, t. 2. f. 5. 

 (S. zetlandica , Jameson. 

 S. venWahriformis, Gray, B. P. p. 359. 

 Halichondria ventilabrum, Johnst. B. S. p. 107, t. 7. 

 H. ventilabra, Flem. B. A. p. 523. 

 Halisponyia ventilabra, Blainv. 

 Spnnc/ifi xerampelina, Grant. 



