524 DR. J. E. GRAY ON SPONGES. [May 9, 



24. Raphiophora, Gray, B. M. 1840. 



Sponge cup-shaj)ed, friable, with a harder external case ; pores 

 minute. Spicules pin-shaped, fasciculated. 



Raphiophora patera. B.M. 



Spongia patera, Hardwicke, Asiatic Researches, xi. p. 180, 1822; 

 Ferussac, Bull. Sci. Nat. viii. p. 1(J.5, 182fi. 



AJcyo7iium poculum {Neptune's cup), " Everard Home, MSS.;" 

 Stutehbury, British Institution, on a plate by W. H. Baily. 



Hah. Sumatra (Raffles) ; Singapore {Hardwicke). 



25. Spinularia. 



Sponge massive, depressed, minutely hispid. Oscules terminal, 

 slightly raised. Spicules of two kinds: — 1. Fusiform, sometimes 

 curved. 2. Tin-shaped ; head ovate. 



Spinularia tetheoides. 



Tethea spinularia, Bowerb. B. S. ii. p. 94, f. 25. 



26. Antho. 



Sponge massive. Spicules of three forms : — 1 . Thick, pin-shaped, 

 rugulose. 2. Thick, cylindrical, torn at the apices. 3. Elongate, 

 needle-shaped, smooth. 



Antho involvens. B.M. 



Myxilla involvens, O. Schmidt, Supp. i. p. 37, t. 4. f. 6. 



27. Pitalia. 



Sponge amorphous. Spicules: — 1. Pin-shaped or subclavate, 

 stout, tubercular. 2. Pin-shaped, slender, slightly curved. 3. Cy- 

 lindrical, slender, clavate, and rounded at each end. 



Pitalia frondiculata. B.M. 



Reniera frondiculata, O. Schmidt, Sp. Ad. Supp. t. 4. f. 10. 



Fam. 2. Clioniadjs. 



" Forming excavations in shells and limestone. Cavity multilocular, 

 united by a small tube, forming a dichotomous or anastomosing line 

 of cells, and the inner surface shagreened or punctured. The sponge 

 fills the entire cavity and ramifications, and the oscules and papillae 

 correspond in size, number, and position with the external orifices on 

 the surface of the shell or stone enclosing the sponge." — Hancock. 



The oscules and pores contractile. The pores when expanded 

 prominent, above the surface of the shell, top flat, with a radiated 

 opening. The oscules conical, tubular, with an open mouth. 



Cliona, Grant; Leidy, Proc. Acad. N. S. Philad. viii. p. 162, 

 1856 ; Hancock, Ann. N. H. iii. p. 321 (1849), iv. p. 355 (1849) ; 



