186/.] DR. J. E. GRAY ON SPONGES. .527 



Euryphylle latens, Ducliass. Sp. Mer Car. p. 114, t. 25. f. 7, 8. 

 E. diibia, Duchass. ib. t. 25. f. 5, 6. 



Fam. 3. Polymastiad^. 



Sponge massive, with numerous open-mouthed erect tubes. Ske- 

 leton of the base of divergent fascicules of spinules ; of the tubes 

 formed of longitudinal and transverse fascicules of slender cylindri- 

 cal elongated spicules. 



Polymastica, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 371. 



1, Pencillaria. 



Spicules of the mass pin-shaped. The transverse fibres separate. 



Pencillaria mammillaris. 



Polymastica mammi/la7-is, Bowerb. B. S. i. p, 178, ii. p. 571 ; O. 

 Schmidt, Sp. Adriat. Supp. ii. t. I. f. 12. 



Sponffia maminillai'is, MuUer, Z. D. t. 158. f. 3, 4. B.M. 



S. pencillus, Montag W. Trans, p. 93, t. 13. f. 7. 



2. Polymastica, sp., Bowerb. B. S. 

 Spicules needle-shaped. The transverse fibres fasciculated. 



Polymastica robusta, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 178, t. 29. f. 358, 

 ii. p. 63. 



AlcyonceUum rohustum, Bowerb. ib. i. p. 172, f. 257, 258. 



See also — 



P. ornata, P. bullosa, P. brevis, and P. radiosa, Bowerb. ib. ii. 

 pp. 59, 61, 64, 68. 



Order IV. xlCANTHOSPONGIA (Armed or Hooked Sponges). 



Sponge strengthened with various-shaped spicules, besides the 

 usual simple fusiform or needle-like spicules of the preceding order. 



These sponges, besides having the cylindrical fusiform needle-like 

 or pin-shaped spicules found in the preceding order, are provided with 

 various shaped spicules, which are usually armed with some form of 

 hook or extended prickles that form a means of defence. These de- 

 fensive spicules vary considerably in shape, being either bihamate, 

 anchorate, three-pronged, or star-like ; and the various modifications 

 of these forms are present in the different genera. 



Fam. 1. EuPLECTELLADiE*. 



Sponge tubular, isolated, with the tubes closed at the top with a 

 netted lid. The skeleton of the tubes formed of bundles of elon- 



* Professor Wyville Thompson, to whom I am indebted for the photographs of 

 the species of this family in the Paris Museum here copied, in a letter, dated 

 22nd of May, 1867, observes, "As to the Rnplecfdla, the two species (two species 



