1867.] DR. E, CRISP ON THE HIPPOPOTAMUS. 607 



In other parts of the small intestine the surface is studded with small 

 sieve-like patches, presenting a more regular appearance as to the 

 size of the crypts than those ahove described. The lining membrane 

 of the large intestine, with the exception of the colic gland, presents 

 nothing worthy of notice. There are no longitudinal bands externally, 

 and the tube is of nearly uniform calibre. 



Pancreas. — The pancreas weighs about 18 oz. ; it consists of three 

 principal lobes, one of which terminates near to the pylorus ; and 

 probably, as in many quadrupeds, a duct enters at this part, but I 

 omitted to make the inspection. The main duct enters the duode- 

 num with the biliary duct 8 inches from the pylorus, by a large canal 

 which passes obliquely through the duodenal coats for about | inch 

 before it enters the intestine. The structure of the pancreas affords 

 no peculiarity worthy of note. 



Spleen. — The spleen is long and narrow, like that of the Hogs 

 (Suidce), Peccaries (Dicoteles), Tapirs (Tapiridce), and Elephants 

 {ElephantidcB). It measures 17 inches in length and 3 in breadth ; 

 its weight is 9j oz. The vein makes its exit near to the abdominal 

 end. I cannot speak with certainty as to the presence of valves in 

 the veins, as the parts were left for some days, and were nearly de- 

 composed when I examined them. 



Liver. — The liver is unilobular ; its length is 1 7 inches and its 

 greatest width 10 inches; its weight 7 lb. 6 oz. Although I have 

 called the liver unilobular, there is a large notch on the anterior part 

 that may be said to make it bilobular, although the division is not 

 very apparent. Assuming the bilobular character to be the more 

 correct term, that which may be called the right lobe occupies about 

 three-fourths of the weight of the organ. Between the lobes is an 

 elevated portion that may be said to represent the lobulus Spigelii 

 and a large anterior elevated quadrilateral portion that corresponds 

 to the lobus quadratus in Man ; the caudate lobe and the pons he- 

 patis can scarcely be said to exist. According to the usual division 

 of the human liver into five lobes, the liver of the Hippopotamus 

 may be said to have four lobes ; but I think the sooner these eleva- 

 tions on the under surface of the liver are disconnected with the lobes 

 the better ; the depression on the right of the Spigelian promontory 

 is well marked, but there is no fissure for the inferior cava. There 

 is no gall-bladder ; but the duct dilates into a large sac at the edge 

 of the liver, which diminishes in size before it enters the intestine. 

 The ligaments are strong and well marked ; the portal veins large. 

 As regards the structure of the liver I observe nothing worthy of 

 note. 



Kidneys. — The left kidney is of an irregular shape, the form some- 

 what triangular with the base below ; the right is more cylindrical 

 and regular in form ; each externally consists of about twenty-six 

 lobes of unequal size. The lobular character is confined to the ex- 

 ternal surface, and probably in the adult animal it is much less 

 marked. About seven mammary processes are present ; the pelvis 

 is rather small. In the left renal vein, close to its exit from the 

 gland, there are two valves, and one of larger size in the same situa- 



