608 DR. E. CRISP ON THE HIPPOPOTAMUS. [May 23, 



tion in the right vein. A vjilve also exists in the vein of the left 

 renal body, near to it.s exit. The renal bodies (not suprarenal cap- 

 sules, as they are erroneously called) are of a triangular shape, with 

 a notch at the base of each ; the left is placed 2 inches above the 

 kidney ; the right is above, but closer to the gland. Each weighs 

 about 240 grains. The weight of the left kidney is 8^ oz., that of 

 the right 7 oz. 



Urinary Bladder. — The urinary bladder is very capacious ; it will 

 contain about four quarts of water, and, with the exception of that 

 of the Wart-Hog {Phacochcerus celiani), is proportionately larger 

 than that of any of the pachyderms I have examined. 



Organs of Generation. — The testicles small, and within the ab- 

 dominal cavity ; the vesiculse seminales also small. The penis mea- 

 sured \2h inches; the extremity is large and globular, like that of 

 the Boars. Its diameter at the end is 2|- inches, whilst in the middle 

 it is only | inch. A large retractor muscle arises from the os pubis 

 and ischium (as in the ruminants), and is inserted into the left side 

 of the body of the penis 7 inches from its extremity, as seen in the 

 wax cast. The penis and other parts of the organs of generation 

 were removed by mistake, and therefore I am unable to give a more 

 minute description of them. 



Tongue. — The tongue is very thick at its base, the anterior end 

 broad and round, the surface smooth and velvety ; among the 

 small villi are numerous round light-coloured papillse about the size 

 of a pin's head. The base of the tongue is closely set with long- 

 pointed pear-shaped papillse about \ inch in length and 2 lines in 

 width in the centre, differing from those of the Hogs and other 

 pachyderms in their more pointed form. 



Larynx, Trachea, and Os Hyoides. — The opening of the glottis 

 is somewhat like that of the Dolphin and Porpoise, the parts below 

 the glottis being of an irregular-shaped pyramidal form ; the thyroid 

 cartilage, however, is placed much higher than in these animals. 

 The laryngeal muscles are very powerful, especially the crico-aryte- 

 noidei postici. The os hyoides consists of nine bones — a central 

 nearly circular bone about I inch in diameter, and eight separate cy- 

 lindrical bones (six above and two below) articulated superiorly to 

 the styloid process of the temporal bone, and below to the thyroid 

 cartilage. The united length of the four lateral bones is 9 inches. 

 As might be supposed from the age of the animal, none of these 

 bones are complete ; and the same remark will apply to the laryngeal 

 cartilages. The thyroid cartilage is of shield-like form, and pos- 

 sesses two cornua above and below. The inferior are about 1 inch 

 in length; the superior about ^ inch. The length of the cartilage 

 at its anterior part is 4^ inches. 



The cricoid cartilage has two large oblong articulating surfaces 

 upon its upper and lateral surface, for the arytenoid cartilages. This 

 cartilage is very thick posteriorly ; its anterior part passes obliquely 

 under the thyroid, forming a pointed ridge in front. It is narrow 

 anteriorly, and about 2 inches deep at its posterior face. The aryte- 

 noid cartilages are thick and of an irregular triangular form, the 



