1867. J DR. E. CRISP ON THE HIPPOPOTAMUS. 689 



which the writer describes the meeting of a number of male birds of 

 this species, which he supposes were fighting and, as he says, making 

 a most abominable noise. 



A similar meeting of male birds is mentioned by Mr. Wallace as 

 taking place with the great Bird of Paradise. Mr. Wallace says the 

 male birds assemble together upon the tops of the tallest trees and 

 utter their loud and not very pleasing notes. 



This, together with what I have observed in captivity, both of the 

 Menura and the smaller kind of Bird of Paradise, induced me to 

 consider and search for other characters on which to found an opi- 

 nion ; I therefore take the habits, voice, feathers, and their arrange- 

 ment (see Nitzsch's Pterylography, pi. 3. figs. 11-13), together with 

 the skeleton. Having examined the skeleton of the Menura toge- 

 ther with that of the Bird of Paradise and a true Corvus, I must say 

 in general that the Menura and Bird of Paradise present a stronger 

 likeness to each other than either of them exhibit towards the 

 genus Coj'vus. In the breadth and form of the skull the Menura 

 and Bird of Paradise resemble each other remarkably. 



In conclusion, I have to remark that the strong and well-marked 

 resemblance between these birds consists in the voice, food, and mode 

 of breeding, the large size of the legs and feet, the form of the skull 

 and skeleton, the structure of the feathers, and their arrangement on 

 the body ; and to this I may add, the bird belongs to the same 

 geographical range as the true Paradise-bird : I regard it as an aber- 

 rant form, or rather as the terrestrial form, the true Paradise-bird 

 being the arboreal form of the same group. 



2. Oil the Form, Size, and Structure of the Viscera of the 

 Hippopotamus, as compared Avith the same parts in the 

 Members of the Pachyderm Family and in some other 

 Animals. By Edwards Crisp, M.D., F.Z.S. &c. — 

 Part II. 



The inquiry I am about to institute is one of great interest ; time, 

 however, will only permit me to take a superficial glance at the sub- 

 ject. I may premise that, with the exception of the Rhinoceros and 

 Babirussa, I have examined the visceral anatomy of all the pachy- 

 derms, weighed the various organs, and measured their size and ca- 

 pacity. I have also in my museum casts and drawings of the dif- 

 ferent viscera. 



I will proceed with the examination as the subjects are arranged 

 in my last paper. Of the skin-glands of the pachyderms I am un- 

 able to make a comparative estimate, either from my own investiga- 

 tions or from the observations of other anatomists ; but in all these 

 thick-skinned animals, especially in the Elephant, Rhinoceros, and 

 Tapir, it is probable that large glands exist somewhat similar to those 

 in the Hippopotamus, although I believe that none of the members 



