690 DR. E. CRISP ON TiiK HIPPOPOTAMUS. [June 27, 



of this family have the same kind of coloured secretion from the cu- 

 taneous surface. 



The description I have given of the stomach shows that it is one 

 of the most remarkable, both in form and structure, among the ter- 

 restrial mammals. In addition to the small vpoodcut in my last paper 

 I have placed a drawing before the Society representing the interior 

 of this viscus of the natural size, so that its peculiarities can be readily 

 seen. I also exhibit casts that I have made of the stomachs of the 

 Porpoise and Dolphin, with other viscera, so that a comparison may 

 be made of the gastric cavities of these animals. I likewise place 

 before the Society a new method of teaching comparative anatomy 

 (a plan I have shown at the present Paris Exhibition*). It consists 

 in modelling the viscera in clay to scale, and then taking casts of the 

 various parts, so that in a small com])ass (in the space of 10 or 12 

 square inches) the whole visceral anatomy of the animal is seen, as 

 shown in the specimen of the viscera of the Hippopotamus before 

 the Society. I do not apologize for this digression, as the subject 

 is intimately connected with all anatomical and physiological in- 

 quiries, and it is one, I believe, that may be turned to great prac- 

 tical account. 



Since my paper was brought before the Society, I have seen the 

 following in the article " Pachydermata," in 'Todd's Cyclopaedia,' 

 vol. iii. p. 8/1 : — "The stomach of the Hippopotamus, or, at all 

 events of the fcetal Hippopotamus, dissected by Daubenton, presents 

 a very remarkable conformation. Externally it seems to be com- 

 posed of three parts. The principal portion, extending from the car- 

 diac extremity to the pylorus, was much elongated, resembling more 

 a portion of intestine than an ordinary stomachal receptacle. Besides 

 this central part, extending from the oesophagus to the pyloric valve, 

 were two long appendages like two csecums, one arising on the right 

 side of the oesophagus and running along the exterior of the stomach 

 throughout almost its entire length and then folding backwards, the 

 other and shorter cul de sac issuing from the posterior aspect of the 

 cardiac extremity of the stomach and projecting towards the right 

 side. The construction of the interior of this stomach is still more 

 extraordinary than its external appearance ; for it is so divided by 

 septa that food coming into this viscus through the oesophagus may 

 pass by different channels either into the central portion, which 

 seems properly entitled to the name of stomach, or into either of the 

 great diverticula appended to it. The inferior walls of the central 

 stomach have nine or ten cavities in them, something like those of 

 the Camel and Dromedary. The lining membrane both of the sto- 

 mach and diverticula is granular and wrinkled, except by the pylorus, 

 where the parietes become smooth and folded into numerous plicae 

 somewhat resembling those of the third stomach of a ruminant, 

 although there is no probability that rumination occurs in the animal 

 under consideration." 



It will be seen from my account, judging only from the specimen 

 1 have examined, that the parts described by Daubenton as a])pen- 

 * Viscera of the Gorilla, and other specimens. 



