18G7.] RANGE OF SEMNOPITHECUS ENTELLUS. 951 



With regard to the alleged migration of the Himalayan species also, 

 Captain Hutton mentions that ' this species is found at Simla all 

 the year through ; but when the snow falls during the winter it 

 seeks a warmer climate in the depth of the khuds, returning again 

 to the heights as it melts away.' I have seen them, however, on a 

 fine sunshiny day, even with the snow on the ground, leaping from 

 tree to tree up and down the hill of Jaku at Simla, which is about 

 8115 feet. Royle is mistaken when he says that the Entellus alone 

 ascends in the summer months as high as 9000 feet. I have seen 

 them at Nagkunda in August at that elevation, and in winter on 

 Hattii Mountain, which is 10,65.5 feet — and in winter at Simla, with 

 snow 4 or 5 inches deep and hard frosts at night, as high as 8000 

 feet. The Macacus rhesus was also repeatedly seen during the 

 month of February, when the snow was 5 and 6 inches deep, at 

 Simla, roosting in the trees at night on the side of Jaku, and appa- 

 rently regardless of the cold"*. 



There is in all this a great deal of error, for part of which I am 

 responsible, and which it is high time should be corrected. 



In the first place, then, I am fully convinced, as Mr. Blyth also 

 appears to be, that there is no true migration of the Entellus, in the 

 proper sense of the word, from the upper to the lower districts of 

 Bengal. The animal will vary in numbers at different seasons, 

 according as food is scarce or plentiful ; and wherever this is most 

 abundant and most palatable, there it is probable will the Entel- 

 lus be found in abundance also. I have already shown that the 

 animal's constitution will not permit it to live long even at Muttra 

 and Bindrabun, and consequently that its existence in the Himalaya 

 is utterly impossible. At the time when I, and Dr. Royle before 

 me, confounded the Entellus with the Himalayan Lungoor, the 

 species were not admitted by naturalists to be distinct ; for although 

 I stated my own doubts of their identity, yet I had, in 1837, against 

 me the weighty authority of Mr. Hodgson in Nipal and of Dr. J. E. 

 Gray in England ; so that, being myself but a tyro, I was compelled 

 to give in. The same error arose also in regard to M. rhesus, which 

 is not found within the mountains. My remarks, as it now appears, 

 refer to more than one species of Bunder, which are distinct from 

 the Rhesus and confined to the Himalaya. 



It was necessary to say thus much regarding the Entellus in order 

 to correct the erroneous notion that prevails respecting its occurrence 

 in the Himalaya, the base of which it does not approach within 

 several degrees. In the north-western portion of tliose hills it is 

 replaced by the so-called Lungoor, while to the south-east occur the 

 species now known as Semnopithecus pileatus and S. harhei, it being 

 very doubtful, from what I can learn, whether the Lungoor extends 

 its range so far to the eastward, or, indeed, beyond the eastern fron- 

 tier of Nipal. 



And now a word, in conclusion, as to the alleged occurrence of the 

 Entellus in Assam. The error in this respect appears to have en- 

 tirely originated in the unauthorized change of a name used by M. 

 * J. A. S. B.xii. p. 174. 



