1022 DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE RHINOCEROTIDtE. [DeC. 12, 



Rhinoceros crossii, Gray, P. Z. S, 1854, p. 270 fig. (horns) ; Ger- 

 rard. Cat. Bones B. M. 282. 



Hab. Sumatra {Bell); Tavoy, near Siamese frontier {Blytli); 

 Pegu {Theobald, B.M.). 



There are two skulls of this species in the British Museum : — 

 1. Adult, with a roughness on the forehead and nose made by the 

 roots of the horns, from Pegu. 2. A skull of a two-thirds-grown 

 animal, with the seventh grinder just appearing ; it has the forehead 

 and nose smooth. This was received from the Zoological Society, and 

 is probably from Sir Stamford Raffles's collection from Sumatra. 



The horn in the British Museum named R. crossii, I have no 

 doubt, from the figure that Mr. Blyth gives of the skull (Journ. 

 Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1862, t. 4), he is right in referring to this 

 species. 



When I described this horn I was told by several persons that it 

 was only the horn of an African Rhinoceros that had been artificially 

 prepared and bent back after being boiled ; but the colour and 

 structure of the horn showed that that could not be the case, and 

 that it was the horn of a Rhinoceros which I had not before seen. 



In the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons there is a beau- 

 tiful skeleton (no. 2938) of this species, received from Sir Stamford 

 Raffles. There are also three skulls of adult or nearly adult age, — 

 viz. nos. 2935, 2936, and 2938 ; the latter is cut open longitudinally 

 to show the brain-cavity. From the roughness on the forehead in 

 the adult skull, the hinder horn must be situated further back in 

 this species than in the African Rhinocerotes ; the centre of the 

 roughness is over the orbit. One of the skulls shows a rudimentary 

 canine on one side of the upper jaw, placed in the front edge of the 

 intermaxillary suture ; this animal was just obtaining its first per- 

 manent molar. 



The skull figured by Bell, and copied by Cuvier, represents the 

 erect form of the occipital plane, as also does De Blainville's figure 

 of the skull of a female. Mr. Blyth, who has seen these animals 

 alive, thinks the horn that I provisionally described as R. crossii is 

 the horn of an adult male C. sumatranus. He says that the horns 

 of the females are smaller than those of the males — observing, at the 

 same time, that there is no difference in size in the horns of the two 

 sexes of R. unicornis of India. In Bell's figure of the skull the 

 intermaxillaries are represented as curved downwards. This may 

 have been an individual peculiarity ; they are more or less bent down 

 obliquely in the skulls I have seen, but always straight. 



The Rhiiiocfros de Java of M. F. Cuvier (Mamm. Lithogr.) is 

 only a better figure of the R. sumatrensis. 



M. Cuvier, in the first edition of the * Regne Animal,' says the 

 Rhinoceros de Java is smaller than the R. sumatranus ; but in the 

 second edition he refers to his brother's figures in the 'Mamm. 

 Lithogr.,' and alters his description ; so that both R. sumatrensis 

 and R. javanensis are established on the Sumatran Rhinoceros. 



This species is erroneously called by Jardine, in the ' Naturalist's 

 Library,' "/?. sumatrensis, the Lesser one-horned Rhinoceros." 



