122 
in part at least, of the dates of collection ; but after allowance is made 
for this, the species still exhibits a seasonal cycle of remarkable regu- 
larity. The autumnal pulse is of less amplitude, and of less regu- 
larity in location as to time and temperature. In 1894 it appears 
September 4 (14,000) at 78°; in 1895, on September 12 (5,840) at 
81°: in 1896, on August 29 (58,800) at 74° or October 14 (63,200) 
at 57°: in 1897, on October 5 (204,400) at 71°; and in 1898, on 
September 27 (92,800) at 73°. 
The midsummer pulses are, as a rule (Table I.), of less amplitude 
than the vernal or autumnal ones. In 1896 and 1898 exceptions to 
this statement appear in two large developments which follow in 
each case upon the decline of the June rise. In 1896 (Pt. I., Pl. X.) 
this pulse (152,400) came June 11, and in 1898 (Pt. I., PL XAT) 6 
came (1,499,200) June 7 at 78° and exceeded in amplitude the re- 
corded vernal pulse. In both cases the pulse was recorded as occur- 
ring at an interval of a week after the crest of the June rise had 
passed. The character and sequence of these pulses is well shown in 
devoloak 
The occurrence of Codonella in abundance in the purer backwaters 
and in the plankton of our Great Lakes (Kofoid, ’95) indicates that it 
is not dependent upon the sewage bacteria directly for food for its 
development in our waters. The appearance of the greatest pulses . 
during a period of considerable sewage dilution still further indicates 
its independence of sewage bacteria. A comparison of the fluctua- 
tions of the totals of the chlorophyll-bearing organisms with those of 
Codonella affords some evidence of a correlation between the two. 
Of 39 pulses which can be traced in our records in the chlorophyll- 
bearing organisms, 21 precede and 13 coincide with those of Codo- 
nella, while in the remaining 5 instances the multiplication of Codo- 
nella precedes that of the phytoplankton as a whole. Thus in the 
main the pulses of Codonella follow, or coincide with, those of the 
phytoplankton. The evidence of this sequence may be followed in 
Table I. by a comparison of the records of Codonella with those of the 
total phytoplankton. The sequence indicates that the food of Codo- 
nella may be found in the phytoplankton, and that these recurrent 
periods of growth have some connection with the conditions of nu- 
trition. The seasonal cycle of Codonella is closely followed by the 
other member of the family found in our plankton—Tintinnidium 
fluvratile. 
