509 
in such localities. Fox-squirrels are in general most abundant in 
these sections—probably because of better protection rather than 
from choice. Where they have the protection of groves they soon 
become quite numerous. The chipmunk is also practically limited 
to this region and its immediate vicinity. Bats are most abundant 
here, and the only records I have of flying squirrels within the 
county were also from this situation. 
In summer the white-footed wood-mouse may be found in the 
margins of the woods or under shelter in the fields immediately ad- 
joining, although nearly a hundred traps set in the middle of dense 
woods at that season failed to catch a single specimen. Late in fall 
and in winter, however, they were abundant in such localities. In 
fact, the middle of the larger, denser woods 1s surprisingly destitute 
of all animal life during the summer. Late in autumn the animals 
have returned, or at least appear again. The larger mammals are 
probably no more rare then than ever, but the smaller species seem _ 
to be lacking. At any rate, my trapping, persisted in for some time, 
was a complete failure then, though yielding an abundance of 
specimens in early winter. This fact supports the belief of most 
careful observers that wood-mice, voles, and shrews make a yearly 
migration to the cultivated fields in the spring, returning to the 
shelter of the woods in winter. I am inclined to believe that it is 
quite late in the year before all are back in winter quarters. 
GROVES. 
By groves we mean the small patches of woodland surrounded 
by treeless territory and not immediately connected by woodland 
with the woods of the river bluffs. In a few cases they have been 
planted, and a few are the remains of groves that were standing 
isolated in the prairie when the country was settled. It is possible 
that a few are self-sown extensions of the original woods and have 
grown up since white men came; but by far the most of them are 
portions of the old wooded tracts along the streams, and so are con- 
nected in origin with the woods of the bluffs. But whatever the 
origin, so far as the mammalian fauna is concerned the conditions 
are similar in all. The species of trees composing them are the same 
as those given for the bluffs, with walnut, the hickories, and occasion- 
ally green ash also, conspicuous. In general the trees are of medium 
size, and the woods are open. These wood-lots are usually closely 
