TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION F. 



757 



(1) that instroke or outstroke, shaft, and wayleave rents should be granted at 

 a fair valuation of the land occupied or damaged, or of the injury done to the 

 ventilation, drainage, &c., of the mine ; 



(2) that in all future leases — 



(rt) there should be no restriction put on the time for working shorts ; 



(6) the royalty charged should be a percentage of the value of the output. 



No mining court would be necessary for carrying oiit such reforms ; nor does 

 there seem to be, in the defects of the present system, any sufficient reason for 

 transferring the assessment of royalties from private agreement to the decision of 

 such a court. 



The Relations Between Sliding Scales and Economic Theory. 

 By L. L. Price, M.A. — See Reports, p. 523. 



3. On Wage Statistics and Theories. By James Mavor. 



This paper (1 ) describes briefly past and current theories of wages ; (2) illus- 

 trates the course of wages by reference to American and English statistics ; 

 (3) recounts the leading causes of wage fluctuations ; (4) offers analysis of existing 

 method of distribution of the product ; (5) points out resulting criticism of current 

 theories of wages ; and (6) attempts classification of proposals for effecting changes 

 in the current method of the distribution of the product among the contributories 

 to production. 



4. The Growth of American Industries and Wealth. 

 By Michael George Mulhall, F.S.S. 



The development of the United States in ten principal items since 1850 has 

 been as follows : — 



The foregoing table is according to the census reports from 1850 to 1880, and 

 estimates for 1888. 



In order to arrive at the working-power, we allow 300 foot-tons daily for each 

 male between fifteen and sixty years, 200 for each female, 3,000 for each living 

 horse, and 4,000 for each horse power of steam. The result is as follows : — 



Millions of foot-tons daily 



Human 



Horse 



Steam 



Total 



22,590 



71,680 



