758 



ijEPOUT — 1888. 



At present the aggregate of energy reaches 90,000 millions of foot-tons daily, 

 which is more than the collective force of the United Kingdom and France. 



Measui'ing each of the principal industries by the number of hands, we find the 

 increase as follows : — 



But the increase of hands is by no means a fair measure of the growth of the 

 above industries. 



1st. As regards agriculture, the grain crop rose from 867 million bushels in 

 1850 to 2,697 millions in 1880, an increase of 211 per cent. The production of 

 meat rose from two million tons to three and a half millions. The value of agri- 

 cultural and pastoral products rose from 213 millions sterling to 562 millions 

 sterling, viz. :■ — 



Millions sterling 



1850 1880 



Grain 94 293 



Meat 44 88 



Cotton 19 67 



Sundries 56 114 



Total 213 562 



The assessed value of farms and stock rose from 9o7 millions in 1850 to 

 2,973 millions sterling in 1880, being an average increase of 14/. per head per 

 annum on the mean number of persons engaged in all manner of agricultural or 

 pastoral pursuits. 



2ud. As for manufactures, the value of merchandise produced rose from 212 

 millions in 1850 to 1,117 millions sterling in 1880. But the values in 1880 were 

 artificially enhanced 25 per cent, by the protective tariff", and therefore the real 

 value in 1880 was only 893 millions sterling, showing an increase of 321 per cent. 



3rd. Commerce, that is, imports and exports (not including bullion), rose from 

 65 millions to 310 millions sterling. The shipping trade has, however, fallen away, 

 the American carrying power being now less than the British, whereas in 1850 it 



was greatly in excess, viz. : — 



Carrying-power, Tons 



United States British 



1850 5,640,000 3,955,000 



1886 9,820,000 22,770,000 



The United States, meantime, have made great progress in railways, possessing 

 at present 151,090 miles, against 9,000 in 1850. 



Banking business has multiplied tenfold, the total of banking capital and 

 deposits in 1883 showing 754 millions sterling against 74 millions in 1850. 



Inceease op Wealth. 



This has been greater than the growth of industry, and four and a half times 

 more than the increase of population. The census returns show — 



MUlions £ sterling 



1850 1,484 



1860 .... 3,361 



1870 5,003 



1880 9,077 



