856 REPORT— 1888. 



(2) Asia Minor. — The early ' barbarian ' population of Asia Minor is stated by 

 the ancients to have been akin to the Etruscan race. In various parts of Asia 

 Minor hieroglyphics like those of the Ilittites are found, and cylinders used as 

 amulets, not unlike the Akkadian cylinders, occur in this region, which have 

 similar hieroglyphic emblems. The syllabary above mentioned as Asianic also 

 exists in these regions, and in the island of Lemnos a text recently discovered 

 proves to be written in a language and character closely similar to the Etruscan. 

 A few words of the Lydian and (Jarian languages have also come down to us, and 

 among these the author has recognised important Turkic words, such, for instance, 

 as the Carian Taba for a ' rock,' and the Lydian Lailas, ' tyrant.' The ancient 

 nomenclature of Asia Minor seems to indicate the same connection, as do also the 

 Carian personal names. As an instance, the river Sangarius may be compared 

 with the river Sangari in Manchuria, being one out of many coincidences. 



The only alternative to the supposition that a Turkic population once spread 

 over Mesopotamia, Syria, and Asia Minor, is the supposition that these tribes, or 

 some of them, belonged to the Lesghic group in the Caucasus, to which Lenormant 

 proposed to refer the ancient Vanuic population. The reason why the author has 

 not accepted this supposition is that the study of this group of languages, though 

 long since proposed, has not led to any satisfactory result, or enabled any student 

 to interpret the sounds of the various languages of Syria and Asia Minor above 

 noticed, or those of the Syrian hieroglyphics, in the manner in which they can be 

 interpreted through the use of the Tartar or Ugrian languages. 



The author appends a list of 100 Hittite words recovered from the monuments 

 and compared with Turanian words, and other short lists of Carian, Lydian, 

 Phrygian, and Scythian words of the same class. 



4. Discoveries hi Asia Minor. By J. Theodore Bent. 



During a cruise along the south coast of Asia Minor the author found the sites of 

 three ancient towns and identified them by inscriptions. One in Caria, near a curious 

 little harbour, which apparently was called Kasarea in antiquity, is alluded to 

 by Ptolemy and Pliny as Kpi/o-cra Xi^rfv. Near the mouth of the gulf of Makri, 

 the ancient Telmessus, we found in a hollow basin, surrounded by moun- 

 tains, the ruins of a town called Lydse, also incidentally mentioned by Ptolemy, 

 but hitherto undiscovered. Here amongst other remains we found 33 inscriptions, 

 many of them of great local interest, introducing us to a doctor, Aristobulus 

 by name, mentioned by Galen, and to numerous consuls and pro-consuls of Rome 

 who ruled here, and whose names appear in ' Waddington's Pastes Asiatiques.' Local 

 offices and dignitaries, family names and customs are referred to on all these 

 inscriptions. About five miles from Lydae, inland, we came across other ruins — a 

 fortress buried in a thick forest overlooking a lake ; and from inscriptions we 

 identified this place as Lissa, but it does not occur in the lists of Lycian towns 

 given by any ancient or modern geographer. At various other known sites we 

 found inscriptions which have not been published. 



5. Notes on the HijJcsos, or Shepliercl-Kings of Egypt. 

 By the Rev. Henry George Tomkins. 



Some accounts of the sources of information on this subject. Chaldaea compared 

 with lower Egypt. Two great streams of migration. Maspero's view of the 

 conquest of Egypt. Forerunners of the Hyksos. The hordes distinguished from 

 their rulers. Mariette's opinion. 



A sketch of the inferences to be derived from : — 



(A.) Proper names of the Hyksos; (B.) Characteristics of their statuary; 

 (0.) Their religion. 



A. 1. Salatis (or Saites), compared with Set-Shalit as read on a statue. 

 2. Bnon. 3. Pachnan. 4. Apophis, on sphinxes of San and else- 



