TBAXSACTI05S OF SECTION 11. 857 



where. Apepi Ra-aa-us, and Apepi Ka-aa-qenen (or -ab-taui). 

 5. lannas ; Ra-ian or Kbian of the Bubastis fragment. His throne- 

 name found on the lion of Baghdad. 6. Staiin, Set-an, or An-set, 

 Inferences : 



B. Statuary ascribed to the Hyksos. Sphinxes of San. Statue from the 

 Fyum. Ludovisi head. Statuette of the Louvre. Head of Apepi, 

 and throne and legs of Ra-ian or Ivbian at Bubastis. Characteristics 

 and probable affinity of these works. 



0. Sketch of ascertained points with regard to Set or Sutekh, the god of the 

 Hyksos and Kheta, and the religious war which ended in the ex- 

 pulsion of the Shepherd-Kings. 



Sketch of the struggle between the Theban kings and the Hyksos f the death of 

 Ra-skenen-ta-aa-qen in battle ; the conclusive victory of Aahmes and pursuit of the 

 enemy into Palestine ; campaigns of successive Pharaohs of the great eighteenth 

 dynasty, and monumental evidences of Egyptian conquest in Mesopotamia and the 

 Overlordship of Babylonia, including some account of the lately-discovered cunei- 

 form tablets of Tel-el-Amarna. 



The retrospective value of these historical and geographical materials in regard 

 to the Hyksos, their rulers, and what became of them. 



The probable relation of these things to the narratives of the Old Testament. 



6. Pelasgiaiis, Etruscans, and Iberians; their relations to the Founders of the 

 Chaldean and Egijptian, Civilisations. By J. S. Stuart Glennie, M.A. 



In the author's paper on ' The Archaian (non-Semitic and non-Aryan) White 

 Races, and their part in the History of Civilisation,' read at the last Manchester 

 Meeting of the British Association, an attempt was made to show that the first 

 civilisations of Chaldea and of Egypt were founded by the action on Dark Races of 

 White Races, neither Aryan nor Semitic ; and that the combined results of a great 

 variety of recent researches show that such White Races are an important, and 

 hitherto quite inadequately recognised, element in the ethnology of Asia and of 

 Polynesia, of Africa, of Europe, and of America. It was affirmed, but only very 

 partially proved, that not only in Chaldea and in Egypt, but throughout the world, 

 the civilisations of Semites and of Aryans have been founded on civilisations 

 initiated by some one of these non-Aryan and non-Semitic, or .Archaian, White 

 Races. And it is proposed in this paper more fully to prove this proposition with 

 respect to European civilisation, or, in other words, to point out the relations of the 

 pre- Aryan Pelasgians, Etruscans, and Iberians, to the non-Semitic and non-Arj-an 

 Stock of White Races to which the founders of the Chaldean and Egyptian civilisa- 

 tions belonged. 



It is assumed that we have now sufficient grounds for definitively identifying 

 the Pelasgians and Etruscans with the Pelesta (or Pulista) and Tuirsha of the 

 Egyptian monuments of 1300 B.C., and perhaps also with the Hanebu, or peoples of 

 the North, of 2500 B.C. And the attempt is made to show that, if the Pelesta and 

 Tuirsha, and the peoples either directly or indirectly associated with them, cannot 

 be directly connected with the founders of either the Chaldean or the Egyptian 

 civilisation, yet they belonged, like the initiators of these civilisations, to the non- 

 Semitic and nou- Aryan stock of White Races, and the Pelesta, perhaps, even to 

 the Chaldean branch of that stock ; and that the appearance of these Northern 

 peoples in the Mediterranean may be connected with that upbreak of the Old 

 Chaldean Empire, and that beginning of the predominance of the Semites of which 

 the first evidence is found in the Kingship of Sargon I. 3800 B.C. The facts are 

 likewise stated which appear to connect the Iberians of Western Europe, from 

 Spain to Scotland, both with the Libyans, or non-Semitic and non-Aryan White 

 Races of Northern Africa, and with the similar White Races of the Caucasus 

 through the evidences of their former settlements in Asia Minor, and otherwise. 



The great aim of this, and of connected papers, is, by proof of ethnological 

 relations, to confirm and extend those results of later research which connect 



