ON THE CIRCULATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS. 



361 



List of Questions circulated. 



1. Position of well or shafts with which 



you are acquainted ? 

 1«. State date at wliich the well or shaft 

 was originally sunk. Has it been 

 deepened since by sinking or 

 boring ? and when ? 



2. Approximate height of the surface of 



the ground above Ordnance datum 

 (mean sea level) ? 



3. Be;pth from surface to bottom of shaft 



or well, with diameter. Depth 

 from surface to bottom of bore- 

 hole, with diameter ? 

 3a. Depth from the surface to the hori- 

 zontal drift-ways, if any ? What 

 is their length and number ? 



ITeifiM below the surface, at which 

 water stands hefore and after pump- 

 ing. Number of hours elapsing 

 before ordinary level is restored 

 after pumping? 

 Height below the surface, at which 

 the water stood when the well was 

 first sunk, and height at which it 

 stands now when not pumped 1 



Quantity capable of being pumped 

 in gallons per day of 24 hours ? 

 Average quantity daily pumped ? 



Does the water level vary at different 

 seasons of the year, and to what 

 extent 1 Has it diminished during 

 the last ten years ? 



ft. 



4a 



7. Is the ordinary mater level ever 



affected by local rains, and if so, 

 in how short a time ? And how 

 does it stand in regard to the level 

 of the water in the neighbouring 

 streams, or sea ? 



8. Analysis of the water, if any. Does 



the water possess any marked 

 peculiaHty 1 



9. Section vrtth nature of the rock passed 



through, including cover of Drift, 

 if any, with thickness ? 

 9a. In which of the above rocks were 

 springs of water intercepted ? 



10. Does the cover of Drift over the 



rock contain sxirface springs 1 



11. If so, are these laiid springs kept 



entirely ovt of the well ? 



12. Are any large faults known to exist 



close to the well ? 



13. Were any brine springs passed 



through in making the weU ? 



14. Are there any salt springs in the 



neighbourhood ? 



15. Have any wells or borings been dis- 



continued in your neighbourhood 

 in consequence of the water being 

 more or less brackish 1 If so, 

 please give section in reply to 

 query No. 9. 



16. Kindly give any further information 



you can. 



Collected by Mr. De Range from Mr. D. Radford Sharpe, 

 Boching, Braintree. 



1. Belonging to Braintree Local Board of Health, situate in the parish of Brain- 

 tree, Essex. 51° 52' 15" N. lat., 0° 33' 15" E. long. la. 1854. No. 2. 146 feet. 



3. Depth, 51' 8" ; diameter, 9' 0". Depth, 350' 0" ; diameter, 0' 10". 3a. None. 



4. About 41 feet before, about 47' 6" after pumping, September 1882. At present, 

 do not stop pumping long enough to tell. 4a. 12 feet when first sunk. Cannot say 

 where it would stand now. 5. Cannot say. About 100,000 gallons average daily 

 quantity pumped. 6. Cannot say at present. Yes, about 5^ feet. 7. Not to the 

 surveyor's knowledge. About 37 feet below surface of water in stream 22 j'ards off. 

 3. One gallon contains the following number of grains and decimal parts of a grain 

 (one gallon equals 70,000 grains) : — 



Analysis by Professor Attfield, October 2, 1880. 



Grains 



Total solid matter, dried at 212° F 77-00 



Ammoniacal matter yielding 10 % of nitrogen (equal to ammonia, 0'07) 0'6 

 Albuminoid organic matter yielding 10 % of nitrogen .... None 



Nitrites None 



Nitrites containing 17 % of nitrogen 0-2 



Chlorides containing 60 o/c of chlorine 55-0 



Hardness (reckoned as chalk grains or degrees) : — 



Removed on boiling the water 8-0 



Unaffected by ebullition 7-0 



Total hardness _ 10-0 



Sodium, calcium, magnesium, traces of iron and alumina . . Present 

 Silica, sulphates, and carbonates (magnesia, 2-3 grains), lead, or copper None 



