ON THE CIRCULATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS. 381 



Cop Lane Well and Boring, Penwortham, near Preston, Lancashire, 1887. 

 Contractors, Messrs. A. Timmins, Runcorn, for Mr. Bawstorne, Eowich 

 Sail, Preston. Well 60 feet. Stated to he Boulder Clay and Sand 

 Boring, 100 feet in Pebble Beds of New Bed Sandstone. Trial yields 

 26,000 gallons per day. 



Analysis of Watee. By Mr. A. Timmins. 

 Appearance and colour— A dull green cast and turbid look. With standing has a 

 rusty red deposit. 



Keaction Alkaline 



Poisonous metals Traces of iron 



Grains per 



Total soUds on evaporation at 212° F. . . 39-000 



Combined chlorine 3-100 



Equals common salt 5-180 



Nitrates equal to potassium nitrate . . . -1804 



Sulphuric acid 4-060 



Organic Matter. 



Oxygen absorbed in 35 minutes 

 5 hours 



„ permanent .... 

 Permanent hardness in degrees (Clarke) 

 Temporary „ ,; » 



Total 



Grains per 

 gallon. 

 •0100 

 •0180 

 0-360 



17-152 

 10-848 



28000 



The -water on exposure to the air assumes a turbid appearance and 

 deposits a reddish-coloured matter : this, on analysis, proved to be iron. 

 It no doubt occurs in solution as carbonate of iron and on exposure to 

 the air takes up oxygen and settles out as iron oxide ; after the deposit 

 has settled the water is perfectly clear and bright. 



Spring from Glacial Sand at Penwortham, near Preston, 25 feet above 

 Ordnance datum. Analysis of Water from St. Mary's Well (a flowing 

 spring). Collected Aug. 20, 1887. Analysed by Mr. A. Timmins, 

 E/uncorn. 



In Parts pee 70-000. 



Grains per 

 gallon. 

 Total solids on evaporation at 212° F. . . 65200 



Combined chlorine 6000 



Equals common salt 9-882 



Nitrates 1-403 



Permanent hardness .... 27^27° (Clarke) 

 Temporary „ .... 409 „ 



Total . . 31-36 



Organic Matter. 



Oxygen absorbed in 1 hour . . -010 (Clarke) 



„ „ 20 hours . . -022 „ 



,, stood well .... -044 



