450 , EEPOKT — 1887. 



Remarks on Mr. W. M. Flinders Peteie's Collection of Ethnographic Types 

 in Egypt, 1887. By the Rev, H. G. Tomkins. 



In the autumn of 1886, Mr. Flinders Petrie undertook to execute 

 squeezes and photographs of select types of heads from the wall-paintings 

 and reliefs in temples and tombs on the Nile. Having been requested to 

 prepare a suggestive list of these ethnographic examples, I gladly did so, 

 and it was approved by Prof. Sayce and used by Mr. Petrie, who has 

 brought home a very interesting collection on which, in compliance with 

 the desire of the Committee, I now ofiFer a few remarks. Time and 

 opportunities of sufficient research are lacking, and I therefore crave 

 every reasonable indulgence. But I must heartily thank Mr. Petrie for 

 sending me at the earliest moment his accurate descriptive list, and the 

 photographs mentioned in it, and also Professors Sayce and Maspero for 

 very valuable information and counsel. 



We have here to deal with 268 squeezes, from which casts have been 

 made, and with 40 photographs newly taken, besides 21 others which are 

 illustrative mostly of different types of Egyptian races, ancient and 

 modern. 



The Egyptians themselves divided mankind in general into four 

 classes, viz. Egyptians ; with Cush and others on the south ; Libya and 

 others on the west ; Syria and others on the north. 



In the long course of Egyptian history we have all these to deal with 

 as regards consanguinity (earlier or later), traffic, alliance, and war. 

 Before all come the highly interesting questions which we call prehistoric, 

 but with these we are not now concerned. 



My own special task to-day is to determine as far as may be the 

 particular places, or regions, to which our several races, or individuals, 

 belonged. Thus I may hope to prepai-e the way for scientific inquiry, 

 which will include, I believe, all the leading stems of the human family 

 among the examples of Egyptian portraiture which we have now 

 before us. 



It is not derogatory to the merit of the great pictorial works of 

 Champollion, Rosellini, and Lepsius, to say that we have before us in 

 England absolute reproductions of the Egyptian work on which we can 

 for the first time rely with a certainty before unattained. 



It will be convenient to folio sv to-day the order in which the races 

 are placed in the tomb of Merenptah, viz. : Westerns, Southerns, 

 Northerns, Egyptians. I give the usual identifications here. 



First. Of tribes reckoned as on the west of Egypt we have here, 

 Libu (Libyans), Mashuash (Maxyans), Tsekuri (Teukriaus), Shardana 

 (Sardinians), Tiirsha (Tyrsenes), Shakalsha (Sicilians), Ha-nebu (lords 

 of the north, a vague expression used at a later time to designate the 

 Greeks), Dardani (Dardanians), Tahennu (' clear-skinned' or fair people 

 on the coast west of Egypt), and Pulesta, considered to be Pelasgians or 

 Philistines. 



I do not take into account the identifications by Brngsch ('Hist.' Eng. 

 tr. ii. 124) of the Shardana, Tursha, Tsekari, Shakalsha, with obscure 

 inland tribes of Asia. He has been answered by Robiou (' Recueil de 

 Travaux,' ii. 58), and by the lamented Lenormant (' Les Origines de 

 I'histoire,' iii. 176), and the opinion of de Rouge and Chabas fully sus- 



