ON PHOTOGRAPHS FEOM ANCIENT EGYPi'IAN PICTUKES AND iSCULPTDRES. 451 



tained. And I am glad to hear that these identifications have since been 

 withdrawn. 



The highly interesting and important bearing of these Egyptian 

 records on the early stages of classic history has been shown by Chabas, 

 de Rouge, and others, and with interesting detail by Lenormant, in some 

 of the last studies of his life, and taken into account by Gladstone in his 

 'Homeric Synchronism,' but the supreme value of Egyptian lore in this 

 regard has not been adequately recognised at our own universities. 



The fair complexions and blue eyes of the Libyan kindreds declare 

 them as sons of Japhet. Like the Hittites, they are involved in the 

 Egyptian destinies, first in war, then in alliance, and at last in marriage. 

 We may hope to know far more about these peoples. In their region 

 French scientific inquirers have been making good research. The culti- 

 vated side-locks of the Libu and Mashauasba are very remarkable. 

 Herodotus says that the Maxyans let their hair grow in a long lock on 

 the right side of their head, but shave it on the left. This custom the 

 Egyptians observed in childhood, and the ornamental side-lock is very 

 carefully developed in the royal children. It is always very desirable to 

 notice the front faces which rarely occur, and in the cast of the lower 

 row of captives led by Rameses III. at Medinet Habu we see one of the 

 Tahennu fronting us, and observe that the hair is cut short on the fore- 

 head, forming a fringe, but the side-locks are very long, and most care- 

 fully plaited and trained in a long reflex curve on each side, so that the 

 two form together the exact form of an inverted lyre. 



Among our examples of these western nations we have no localities 

 mentioned. I will therefore pass on to those names which will bring us 

 to the map, and these we begin to find in the south. 



Secondly. The Southerns: — 



These we find under the general heads of Cush and Pun. With the 

 vast extension of the former term we are not here directly concerned, 

 since our Cushites are certainly of Africa. But the variety of races is 

 very strongly marked, as, for instance, in the three photographs of typical 

 heads from the tombs of Merenptah and Rameses III., Nos. 773, 778, 780. 

 In the first it is odd that the hair should be red with black lines, while 

 the skin is black, the features straight, good, and regular. It is hard to 

 suppose that this does not represent red or brown hair in the orio-inal, 

 and it may remind us of a strange race in Nubia, whom Miss Edwards 

 describes as black in complexion but with ' light blue eyes and frizzy red 

 hair,' at Derr, the capital of Nubia ; and higher up, ' " fair " families 

 whose hideous light hair and blue eyes (grafted on brown-black skins) 

 date back to Bosnian forefathers of 360 years ago.' These people are 

 ' immensely proud of their alien blood, and think themselves quite 

 beautiful.' ('A Thousand Miles on the Nile.' Tauchnitz ed. ii. 21, 140), 

 Is it possible that there were really red-haired Cushites in the days of 

 Moses ? If not, why did the artist paint the skin black but the hair 

 red with black lines ? In fact the same thing is true of the negroes 

 in the tomb of Rameses III., while the Asiatic has black hair in each 

 tomb. 



By Pun we understand, says Brugsch, the southern coast-districts of 

 Abyssinia and the edges of the Somali coast. The Egyptians in fact 

 applied the term to the country on both sides of the Red Sea, but the 

 local names which we find before us to-day belong mostly to the African 

 Pun. 



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