904 EEPORT— 1887. 



(B) That referring to the known absence of consumption in the absence of such 

 conditions, and (C) that referring to the known introduction of such conditions 

 being invariably followed by the appearance of the disease. 



Theory of the mode in which consumption is produced. The first step is the 

 reduction of the lungs to such an extent that they have not only lost their power 

 of adjustment to their external conditions, but are also no longer able to perform 

 their ordinary functions. Interchanges uuefFected are thrown on one or more of 

 the other organs. Process of reduction continues and a time comes when compen- 

 satory work is not effected. Greater pressure on the lungs which tells on the 

 weaker parts, producing the phenomena of irritation, manifested by tubercular 

 change. Each centre of change produces an additional factor in the process of 

 reduction. Hence more irritation, followed by further reduction, till there is not 

 sufficient lung left to perform those functions without which life cannot continue. 



Having ascertained the cause of consumption and traced the mode in which it 

 operates from the commencement to its termination, we are in a position to lay 

 down the principles that must guide us in the adequate treatment of the disease. 



They are four in number, and may be stated as follows : — 



To establish an equilibrium between the amount of interchange required to be 

 effected and that effected. 



To enable the other organs of the body to perform their ordinary functions. 



To restore to the lungs the power of adjustment to their external conditions. 



And to effect the above without producing indications of friction. 



The effect of this method of treatment is to arrest the process of irritation, to 

 gradually restore the general health, and to develop the lungs. This is shown by a 

 gradual cessation of chest symptoms, a healthy appearance, and a greatly increased 

 vital capacity, range of expansion and size of chest-girth. The author has invari- 

 ably obtained these results in his experiments, and also in the few cases he has had 

 an opportunity of treating. 



In the literature of consumption are found a multitude of cases in which a tem- 

 porary arrest had been effected, and a careful examination of the conditions under 

 which that occurred proves that they were invariably those tliat tended to remove 

 the irritation by effecting a temporary adjustment between work to be done and 

 work effected associated with others tending to develop the lungs. Further, many 

 cases of absolute recovery are recorded, and in them also there were the same con- 

 ditions acting continuously for a long time. Sydenham undoubtedly cured con- 

 sumption by ordering continuous horse exercise in the country till the patient 

 recovered. And the author is satisfied that if we carefully treat consumption — 

 before the disease has been permitted to become too extensive — on the principles 

 advocated in this paper we shall be able to secure complete recovery. 



3. Ancient and Modern Methods of Arrow Release. 

 By Professor E. S. Morse. 



4. Tattooing. By Miss A. W. Buckland. 



The object of this paper is to show that, although tattoomg seems to have been 

 almost universal among savages, yet the mode of performing the operation varies 

 so much, and the various methods in use seem to have such definite limits, as to 

 make them anthropologically valuable, as showing either racial connection or some 

 intercourse formerly subsisting between races long isolated. In Africa, Australia, 

 and some of the islands in the Indian Ocean, principally among the black races, 

 tattooing consists of a series of short cuts, so treated as to leave cicatrices in various 

 parts of the body. Colouring matter is not often emploj-ed, but on the west coast 

 of Africa three cuts on the face seem to be a distinctive mark, and these, judging 

 from the masks, &c., are coloured red and blue. These marks are either tribal or 

 the sign of some secret society resembling freemasonry, and it is noteworthy that 

 these three cuts are shown on the cheek of an ancient bronze head found at 

 Bologna. 



