914 REPORT— 1887. 



is therefore probable that there were two distinct races of the long-headed people, 

 which will have to be distinguished in future. 



The indications as to the history of the country derived from the discoveries of 

 General Pitt-Rivers are, in the opinion of the author, that at one time the long- 

 headed race inhabited the whole country ; a race of round-headed people — the 

 Kelts — came in from the East, and drove the long-headed persons westwards as far 

 as the dense forests which covered the middle and west parts of England. These 

 were in turn displaced and driven northwards and along the south coast, when the 

 country was open, by the Roman invaders ; hence the latter came in immediate 

 contact with the older long-headed race. 



6, Note on the Ethnic Type of the Inhabitants q/ the Evolena Valley in 

 Switzerland. By Mrs. Knight. 



7. On Berber and Guanche Tradition as to the Burial-place of Hercules. 

 By R. G\ Haliburton. 



As shown in a previous paper, the people of Mount Atlas still claim to be the 

 oldest of nations, as they did in the time of Diodorus Siculus, who saj's that not 

 only they, but also Greek mythologists believed that that country was * the birth- 

 place of all the gods of antiquity.' The oldest myths of Greece point to the West 

 and to Mount Atlas •, but in later times Mount Atlas and its myths were shifted 

 to the north of the Danube, and even to Mount Caucasus. 



The people to the south of Morocco, a very different race from those to the 

 north, are nomadic, and given to necromancy and magic. They have a vast store 

 of ancient traditions, and resemble the gipsies of Europe in their unchangeable 

 characteristics. 



It has been shown by French and other writers that the myth of Hercules and 

 Geryon came from the Gauls and Kelts, and that it was borrowed by the Greeks 

 and Romans from them. The Keltic Hercules is described fully in Smith's 

 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Mythology. There is clear proof that the Northern 

 nations of Europe derived these myths from the people of Mount Atlas, which 

 was the scene of them. Hercules visits Atlas, and studies astronomy with him ; 

 resides among the Hyperboreans in Mount Atlas ; makes the Straits of Gibraltar, 

 and sets up the Pillars of Hercules. He sails west to the island of Erytheia, and 

 steals the cows of Geryon ; finds his way to the Eden of those daughters of Atlas, 

 the Hesperides, or the ' Western ones,' and steals the famous golden apples. 



It is interesting, therefore, to trace, if possible, local legends which connect him 

 with that country. Ancient maps represent near Mogador 'the promontory of 

 Hercules.' Why was it thus called ? It is known only to the natives as ' the 

 Mountain of Iron,' 



1 have heard tales of Hercules from many of the natives of Sus. A Seni 

 Bacchar, or Bes C«?-n (the name of a tribe near Massd) , sa,id iha.t 'Bacchar, or 

 Bibaioeen (the drunken), made Ben Cantin's enemies drunk, and took them prisoners, 

 and Ben Cantin lived forty years in the temple at Massa ; but, in consequence of an 

 outbreak, sailed away with all his treasures to the Mountain of Iron, and hid them 

 there. Du Karnaiin, or Herge, a great freebooter, hearing of this, sailed there 

 to find them, but without success. He then sailed to the Canaries in search 

 of the 366 cows of Geryon, and went into a cave there, in which was a large dog 

 with feet like those of a camel. The cave looked towards the sea, and was at the 

 foot of a great mountain. He never came out, and the people closed the cave 

 with stones.' 



Another gave me a still more ancient tradition : — ' Du Kernaiin, called 

 Herklein, or Herkla, made the Straits of Gibraltar. In his time Sus and the 

 Canaries were one country. He went to a large mountain in the Canaries to steal 

 the 366 cows of Geryon, that came out always to pasture at sunset, and were 

 watched by a dog named Terras. There was a great cave at the foot of the 



