NOTES ON BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON, PA. 35 
Gardenia petiolata (Walt.) n. comb. Hypericum petiolatum 
Walt. Fl. Car. 191 (1788). Louisiana to Indiana, eastward to 
the coast as far north as New Jersey. 
Department of Botany, 
Parke, Davis & Co., 
Detroit, Mich. 
- Notes on Birds of the Vicinity of Washington, Pennsylvania. * 
BY DR. AND MRS. W. C. M’CLELLAND. 
The observations that follow were chiefly made during the 
last ten years, 1911-1921. They give some brief account of bird 
behavior within an area probably less than a square mile in 
extent. This base, or locus observandi, includes a leafy suburb 
of Washington, Pa., valley land and hills, cultivated fields, a 
cemetery, gardens, orchards and woodland. The orchards are 
of old apple trees while the forests are deciduous, the white 
oak being the commonest tree, with varied often thick under- 
erowth. The elevation is from 1000 to 1400 feet, and the 
hillsides incline toward all the points of the compass. Lati- 
~ tude 40°, 10”; longitude 80° W. 
The permanent bird residents we most often see or hear, 
summer and winter, include the,cardinal grosbeak, the chicka- 
dee, the tufted tit, the downy woodpecker, the white-breasted 
nuthatch, the English sparrow, the song sparrow, the Caro- 
lina wren, the Bob-white and the screech owl. 
Less common in winter, but often seen at other seasons, are 
the blue jay, the goldfinch, the red-bellied woodpecker, the 
cedar wax-wing, and the crow. The hairy woodpecker and 
the brown-breasted nuthatch though generally rated as per- 
manent residents of Western Pennsylvania, are in our small 
district rather rare. The screech owl is occasionally heard. 
A few robins, and some years a grackle or two, remain 
with us over winter. The winter wren, the tree sparrow, 
the brown creeper, the golden-crowned kinglet and in larger 
numbers the juncos are familiar visitors. 
* Contribution from the Biological Laboratory, Washington and 
Jefferson College, No. 74. . 
