36 THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST . 
Of familiar summer residents the robins begin to arrive 
in February; the grackles, the redwings and the bluebirds, 
early in March. A flicker has been noted February 24th, but 
usually this genuine harbinger of spring delays his coming 
until late in March. The mourning dove, reputed to be a 
permanent resident in our latitude, we have not seen earlier 
in the season than March 19. 
The following according to our field notes, are dates of ar- 
rivals of other summer residents: towhee, March 19-23; field 
sparrow, March 17-25; Phoebe, March 15-25; sparrow hawk, 
March 19-23; chipping sparrow, April 3-10; brown thrasher, 
April 7-18; house wren, April 7-20; blue-gray gnat-catcher, 
April 15-21; yellow warbler, April 21-24; swift, April 15-30; 
wood thrush, April 25-May 1; catbird, April 26-May 4; Balti- 
more oriole, April 28-May 2; orchard oriole, April 28-May 4; 
warbling vireo, April 28-May 5; barn swallow, April 28-May 
13; rose-breasted grosbeak, May 5-22; oven-bird, April 28-May 
3; great crest, April 28-May 5; Maryland yellow-throat, May 
17; redstart, May 8-15; chat, May 13-17; Acadian fly-catcher, 
May 10-21; indigo bunting, May 8-18; scarlet tanager, May 
5-18; red-headed woodpecker, May 10-19; humming bird, May 
8-20; purple martin, April 16-May 6; wood pewee and king- 
bird, May 8. The woodcock has been seen by us about the 
middle of May but possibly it is a permanent resident. It is 
not common. 
The tardiest of our summer residents to arrive, as it seems 
to us, are the yellow-billed and the black-billed cuckoos. Usu- 
ally they do not appear before the last days of May or the 
first week in June. The yellow-billed bird is the most often 
heard and seen. 
Of the thrushes only the wood thrush nests in Western 
Pennsylvania. During the spring migration the hermit comes 
earliest, usually early in April; the veery, April 3-16; the 
olive-backed thrush seems not to reach our locality until late 
in May. 
As is well known, most of the warblers are transients in 
-~and much beyond the field of our observations, only visiting 
us on their journeys north and south. In the spring they 
are arriving and departing from the last of April to the last 
of May in something like the following order: the myrtle, the 
