58 THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 
TABLE 2. me 
M. ADRIEN DE MORTILLET’S CLASSIFICATION OF SIMPLE TOOLS.* 
I. For Cutting. Edge Tools. 
Working— 
1. By Pressure 
a. Knives. 
b. Double-edge tools, shears. 
c. Planes. 
2. By Shock 
a. Axes 
b. <Adzes. 
ce. Chisels, gouges. 
3. By Friction 
a. Saws. 
II. For Abrasion and Smoothing. 
Working— 
1. By Pressure and Friction. 
a. Scrapers, gravers, rasps, files, sancpapers, polis 
smoothers, burnishers, whetstones, grindstones. 
2. By Shock. 
a. Bush-hammers. 
hers, 
In wood-working fire is an efficient element in abrasion. 
III. For Fracturing, Crushing, Pounding. 
Working— 
1. By Pressure. 
a. Chipping and flaking implements. 
2. By Shock. 
a. Hammers, pestles. 
3. By Friction 
a. Grinding apparatus, mills. 
IV. For Perforating. 
Working— - 
1. By Pressure and Friction. 
a. Needles, prickers, awls, drills of all kinds. 
2. By Shock. 4 = 
a. Punches, pricks. 
V. For Grasping and Joining. 
1. Tongs, pincers, vises, clamps, wedges. 
2. Nails, lashings, glues. 
* Mason, Otis T. The Origin of Invention. Secribners, 1901. Page 34. Cit 
Mensuelle de l’Ecole d’Anthrop, Paris.” 
. ‘Rev, 
