THE BIRDS OF FLOYD COUNTY, IOWA. 237 
127. Teteris spurius (Linn.) Orchard Oriole. <A _ fairly 
common summer resident, arriving in the first or second week 
of May and departing in early September. Eggs are laid in 
early to middle June; I have found the species nesting near 
Charles City, Floyd, Rockford and Nora Springs, as well as 
at various points along the Cedar River. 
128. Icterus galbula(Linn.) Baltimore Oriole. A com- 
mon summer resident, arriving May 3 to 12 and departing 
in early September. It nests abundantly along the road and 
in towns, but is less commonly found in the heavier woods. 
Eggs are laid about the first of June. The Baltimore Oriole 
is much more common than the Orchard, and due to its 
habits and coloring is more commonly seen. 
129. Euphagus carolinus (Miiller.) Rusty Blackbird. A 
common migrant from the first week in April to the first of 
May, and from mid-October to the middle of November. They 
are quite commonly seen in flocks with red-winged Blackbirds 
and Bronzed Grackles. 
130. Quiscalus quiscula aeneus Ridgway Bronzed 
Grackle. The Bronzed Grackle is an abundant summer 
resident, arriving in early March and departing in late No- 
vember. The earliest arrival date recorded in March 2 (1920) 
by Mrs. W. I. Frederickson of Charles City; my own dates 
range from March 16 to 24. Nesting takes place in May. 
Grackle roosts are quite common throughout the county. 
In a grove of evergreens on St. Charles Street, in the northern 
part of Charles City, 243 nests were counted in 1916, 249 © 
in 1917, and 162 in 1918. In 1919 and 1920 there was a great 
falling off in the number of nests, as well as the number of 
birds frequenting the roost after the nesting period, only 
84 nests being counted in 1920. 
About the first of August the birds begin to come in to this 
roost from distances of more than two miles. The paths of 
flocks flying above Charles City have been watched by several 
observers, notably the late Mrs. M. A. Dutton, and fairly 
definite routes of approach are discernible. From about 
500 birds in the nesting season the number swells until in 
middle August the entire grove is filled with Grackles. On 
August 15, 1916, I estimated the number of birds at the 
