ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN 



75 



ous great expositions which have been held in 

 different parts of the United States during 

 the past ten years. The cost of maintenance 

 is also greatly lessened in winter, as the con- 

 stant heating of a large body of water in- 

 volves a serious expense. At the New York 



The Director has given constant attention 

 to the defective piping of the Aquarium, and 

 recent modifications have been made which 

 have resulted in a saving of 50 per cent, 

 in steam used for heating water for the trop- 

 ical collections. The salt-water warmed for 



FISH HATCHKKV. .\t\V VOKK AgUAKILM. 



Aquarium the water pumped from the Bay 

 daily during the winter months at a tempera- 

 ture of about 34 degrees requires to be 

 heated to 70 degrees before being supplied 

 to the tanks containing the tropical collec- 

 tions, and this fact, together with the neces- 

 sity of heating the building and operating the 

 pumps, has kept the boilers under a constant 

 strain. 



One Ivuropcan aquarium, that at Brighton, 

 containing a much smaller collection of fishes 

 than the New York Aquarium, has reservoirs 

 storing 500,000 gallons of water. But one- 

 fifth of this amount would be necessary for 

 our Aquarium. 



Another great advantage to be derived 

 from pure sea-water would be the possibility 

 of keeping many forms of invertebrates 

 which cannot be maintained in the brackish 

 water which it is now necessary to use. 

 From the open coast many interesting ani- 

 mals have been introduced during the past 

 three or four months which survived less 

 than ten days under the conditions prevail- 

 ing here. 



the use of the tanks on the balcony is now 

 made to flow into the lower series of tanks. 

 The changes in the salt-water circulation have 

 resulted in a saving of more than 40 tons 

 of coal per month during the winter season, 

 and one large circulating pump now serves to 

 do the work for which two were formerly re- 

 quired. Where machinery is concerned all 

 small improvements in operation result in an 

 important lessening of the cost of mainten- 

 ance in general. A further saving of heated 

 water is being arranged for, so that the supply 

 heretofore wasted from the lower wall tanks 

 can be turned into the large floor pools before 

 it is finally allowed to flow to the sewer 

 pipes. Early in November it was found pos- 

 sible to stop one of the two pumps used to 

 feed the boilers by introducing certain piping 

 to connect the water main with the pump re- 

 turning the water from the radiators to the 

 boilers. 



The Croton water used in the Aquarium 

 to supply the fresh-water tanks is so murky 

 at times that it should eventually be discon- 

 tinued and a permanent stored supply used 



