94 



ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN 



bly with one that does not make so much 

 noise, but is still more emphatic in its de- 

 mands. \\'ith the whips go harness and 

 tackles, months of stress and struggle, and 

 finally achievement, but very frequently suc- 



VOUNG ORANG-UTAN AND CHIMPANZEE. 



cess is attained only by such vigorous meas- 

 ures that an animal cowers and falters through 

 his act with but one desire — to finish and get 

 beyond molestation. Many animals are liter- 

 ally driven through their work. Some, how- 

 ever, take naturally to training, understand 

 readily, execute manoeuvres from a few sim- 

 ple words, and really enjoy their work. Such 

 animals are usually trained through kind- 

 ness, perseverance, and infinite patience. 

 Perseverance is the watchword, but without 

 patience among animal men, trained animals 

 would never be seen. 



The orang, when young, is one of the 

 most tractable of animals. The chimpanzee 

 is rather stubborn, but of the two, the more 

 intelligent. The average orang-utan, from 

 one to three years old, is unlike a "wild" ani- 

 mal. Its disposition and actions are like 

 those of a human child. It delights in being 

 carried about by the keeper, throwing its 

 long, hairy arms around his neck in a spirit 



of real atifection. Although displaying the 

 greatest friendliness toward their keepers and 

 those frequently about them, young orangs 

 make friends readily, and upon a distinct in- 

 timation from a stranger that he or she seeks 

 their friendship, there is often the 

 same affectionate nestling against 

 the breast that is ever ready for 

 the keeper in charge. Little orangs 

 are genuine children, and if denied 

 their wishes, will roll about, scream- 

 ing vociferously, and beating the 

 floor with clinched hands. The 

 granting of their wishes is followed 

 by immediate quiet, and a look of 

 solemn satisfaction. 



As the orang grows older, it be- 

 comes wilful, morose, and even 

 dangerous. Full-grown specimens 

 are very rare in captivity. Even a 

 half-grown specimen will often re- 

 sent intrusion into its cage by a vol- 

 ley of guttural roars which in a 

 w ay resemble the efiforts of a deep- 

 chested man enthusiastically shout- 

 ing "Hurrah." Such specimens 

 are possessed with remarkable 

 strength. With their open hands 

 they strike fiercely at an intruder, 

 and are not at all adverse to grasp- 

 ing an arm or limb, and employing 

 their formidable teeth as a point of 

 argument. 

 Although more stubborn than the orang, 

 the chimpanzee displays keener perceptions, 

 and learns quickly. When approaching ma- 

 turity, however, the males are almost invari- 

 ably dangerous. Although fond of being 

 carried about in the arms of the keeper, they 

 are disposed to resent the presence of stran- 

 gers. The keeper seldom passes the cage of 

 a chimpanzee, even though he makes his way 

 through a dense crowd, without being 

 greeted by a series of sharp grunts of friendly 

 recognition. The chimpanzee's disposition 

 is pert and wide-awake, and the young ani- 

 mal learns rapidly if it pleases him to do so. 

 If he objects, there is more noise from his 

 small throat, and more kicking and subse- 

 quent sulking than would be displayed by 

 three orangs. The more passive young 

 orang, generally ludicrously anxious to imi- 

 tate, and seldom showing signs of displeasure 

 unless some heartfelt wish is denied, wins the 

 greater affection of the animal man bv its ex- 



