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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/ 



sutures," and Issiki (1933) shows a similar line in Panorpodcs 

 paradoxa MacL.), though he says there is a suppression of the 

 "frontal sutures" in the Panorpidae. On the pupal head of Panorpa 

 communis Bierbrodt (1942) shows the presence both of "frontal 

 sutures" and a distinct "coronal suture." Otanes (1922) discusses 



Fig. II. — Mecoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera. 



A, head of a panorpid larva. B, Aptcrohitfacus aptcrus (MacL.), Mecoptera, 

 head of larva (from Cook, 1944), showing distribution of frontoclypeal muscles. 

 C, Panorpa communis L., Mecoptera, head of larva (from Bierbrodt, 1942), 

 showing lines of Y-shaped frontal ridge (FR) between frontal arms of cleavage 

 line (CL). D, head of a trichopterous larva. E, Malacosoma americana (F.), 

 Lepidoptera, head of larva. F, Hemerocampa Icncostiyma (A. & S.), Lepidop- 

 tera, exuviae of head at last ecdysis. 



"arms of the epicranial suture" in adult Mecoptera. but evidently 

 he has reference to the epistomal and subgenal sulci. 



Trichoptera. — The head of a trichopterous larva (fig. 11 D) is 

 very similar in its facial structure to that of the larvae of Mecoptera 

 (A, B, C) and of such Megaloptera as Corydalus, Chaidiodes, and 

 Raphidia (fig. 10 A, C, G) in that the arms of the cleavage line 

 extend to the margin of the clypeus mesad of the mandibular articu- 

 lations. It furthermore resembles the head of the megalopterous 

 forms just mentioned in the absence of a separating groove between 



