NO. 12 THE WINELAND VOYAGES — SWANTON 5I 



outside of Newfoundland. Others of this school seem to avoid 

 theorizing on the point except Babcock (1913, pp. 108-109), who 

 suggests an identification with Avalon Peninsula which he supposes 

 was taken to be an island. 



Differences of opinion among investigators become more marked 

 when they take up points beyond Markland, including the Wonder- 

 strands, the cape named Keelness (Kialarnes), Streamfirth (Straum- 

 fiord). Stream Isle (Straumey), the river or inlet in which Thorvald 

 was killed, and Hop or Wineland. The voyagers made two lengthy 

 stops during this part of their journey, one at Streamfirth and the 

 other at Hop or Wineland. We will discuss the location of these in 

 order, but it is to be noted at the very beginning that the Flat Island 

 Book seems to confuse them, identifying both with Wineland, and 

 therefore we must depend more than ever upon the Saga in our dis- 

 cussion of the whereabouts of the former. Here our more careful 

 students fall into two schools, one maintaining that Karlsefni kept 

 east of Newfoundland, that the Wonder-strands were on the outer 

 coasts of Cape Breton Island and Nova Scotia, one or both, and 

 Streamfirth was either the Bay of Fundy as Babcock (1913, p. 118) 

 has it, or some bay in southern Nova Scotia — Mira Bay, thinks 

 Dieserud (1901, p. 12), St. Mary Bay according to Jones and Raddall 

 (1934, p. 106). According to the second school, Karlsefni entered the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence through the Strait of Belle Isle, the Wonder- 

 strands were on the south coast of Labrador, and Streamfirth was 

 the estuary of St. Lawrence River, Chaleur Bay, or one of the bays 

 south of the latter. 



Strong arguments can be brought forward in favor of each of 

 these theories, and it happens, unfortunately, that the two versions 

 of the Saga differ just at this point sufficiently to support both. The 

 Hauk's Book version informs us that, after leaving Markland — 



they sailed southward along the land for a long time, and came to a cape; the 

 land lay upon the starboard ; there were long strands and sandy banks there. 

 They rowed to the land and found upon the cape there the keel of a ship, and 

 they called it there Kialarnes (Keelness) ; they also called the strands Furdu- 

 strandir (Wonder-strands) because they were so long to sail by. Then the 

 country became indented with bays, and they steered their ships into a bay 



The second version is as follows: 



When 2 doegr had elapsed [after leaving Markland], they descried land, and they 

 sailed off this land; there was a cape to which they came. They beat into the 

 wind along this coast, having the land upon the starboard side. This was a 

 bleak coast, with long and sandy shores. They went ashore in boats, and found 

 the keel of a ship, so they called it Keelness there; they likewise gave a name 



