NO. 12 THE WINELAND VOYAGES S WANTON 73 



is between 30 on Cape Cod and along the southern coast to 90 in 

 northeastern Massachusetts (Paullin and Wright, 1932, pi. 4). This 

 item furnishes an argument for southern New England. In the 

 matter of distance the northern location has the advantage. Our only 

 clue to this is in the Saga where it is said that Karlsefni and his 

 companions, after leaving Streamfirth, sailed southward "for a long 

 time." The Flat Island Book which evidently confounds the Stream- 

 firth episode with the Wineland experience would have it that they 

 sailed from Markland for 2 doegr, or but little more, before reaching 

 it. If Streamfirth was the St. Lawrence estuary, and Wineland was 

 along the southern shore of the Gulf, the distance covered was 200 

 to 300 miles, comparable to other distances which seem to have been 

 covered in 2 dcegr, but if Wineland was on the coast of Massachu- 

 setts the time consumed would have been more than three times as 

 great. If Streamfirth is identified with the Bay of Fundy, however, 

 the distance between it and the southern location of Wineland would 

 have been reduced to the figures above given. From this point of view 

 the Bay of Fundy location of Streamfirth is the more probable if 

 Wineland was in southern New England, but on the other hand it is 

 less probable when the time needed to reach the Bay of Fundy around 

 Newfoundland is considered. Another argument in favor of southern 

 New England is supplied by the account of that expedition which, 

 according to the Flat Island Book, Thorvald's men undertook from 

 Hop "along the western coast." A coast consisting largely of "white 

 sands, as well as great numbers of islands and shallows" suggests 

 southeastern Massachusetts more than any other region. 



One additional statement requires some consideration, particularly 

 as it is given in the Saga of Eric the Red. After Karlsefni's voyage 

 to the north, on which Thorvald died and on which they "believed 

 they had got sight of the land of the Unipeds," ended, we read : 



They concluded that the mountains of Hop, and those which they had now 

 found, formed one chain, and this appeared to be so because they were about an 

 equal distance removed from Streamfirth, in either direction. 



Juxtaposition of the three in this way has led several writers to place 

 them near together geographically. Hermannsson, however, believes 

 that the name Hop has been substituted for Streamfirth, and since he 

 locates the latter in Chaleur Bay and the land of the Unipeds in the 

 estuary of the St. Lawrence, he has no difficulty in identifying this 

 range with the Shickshock Mountains of Gaspe Peninsula. The 

 text, however, clearly designates three. Storm and Dieserud pack 

 all these sites into Nova Scotia. But whatever may be said of the 



