20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, ID/ 



of Trat Province) by having the rufous of the forehead, crown, and 

 nape deeper in tone (almost chestnut) ; the brown of the remaining 

 upper parts much deeper and much more rufescent; the under parts 

 (excepting the throat and center of the abdomen) washed with dark 

 rufescent buff. 



From P. r. insularum of the Mergui Archipelago, the only race that 

 approximates it in erythrism, smitlii is easily distinguished by its 

 generally darker and more rufescent tones and by its much broader 

 and blacker streaks on the breast. 



Range. — Ko Chang (an island off Trat Province, southeastern 

 Siam). 



Specimens examined. — Siam : Trat Province : Ko Chang ( i 

 female, the type). 



Remarks. — The type of P. r. sniiflii has up to now been considered 

 an "erythro" of the race inhabiting the neighboring mainland. The 

 discoveries that the species breaks up into a bewildering number of 

 forms in continental areas, and that subspeciation appears in the 

 Mergui Islands and Pulau Langkawi, lend strong support to the prob- 

 able validity of a race endemic to Ko Chang. Moreover, the fact that 

 the type of sniithi exceeds in erythrism the erythristic race insularum, 

 every specimen of which in turn exceeds in erythrism the reddest 

 examples seen of euroiim, would seem to indicate that its characters 

 cannot be explained as simple abnormality. 



SUMMARY 



1. In Pellorneum ruficeps, considerable variation usually treated as 

 individual has proved to represent true subspeciation. 



2. The boundaries between the ranges of subspecies are often rivers 

 or chains of hills. 



3. Examination of 339 specimens has shown that not less than 28 

 populations seem to deserve nomenclatorial recognition, although, 

 whether for lack of material or other reasons, names have been used 

 for but 23 of these ; 13 names have been established for the first time, 



4. The name Pellorneum ruficeps granti Harington, 191 3, has been 

 synonymized with olivaceiim Jerdon, 1839, and the name Pellorneum 

 ruficeps joncsi Stuart Baker, 1920, with punctatum Gould, 1838, 



5. Type localities have been restricted whenever it has been found 

 necessary. 



