NO. lO MENHADEN, GENUS BREVOORTIA — HILDEBRAND 7 



rays; caudal fin long, the lower lobe often longer than head, 31 to 39 



(usually 32 to 36.5) percent of standard length patronus, p. 13 



bb. Scales on back and at base of caudal not much smaller than those along 



middle of side; ventral fin with a nearly straight to slightly convex 



oblique margin, the innermost ray not more than two-thirds length 



of the outermost one, the fin pointed when folded; upper part of 



opercle with feeble radiating striae if any ; shoulder spot not followed 



by smaller dark spots. 



e. Scales large, 35 to 46 oblique series crossing middle of side, 5 



longitudinal rows on side of caudal peduncle ; pectoral fin long, 



sometimes reaching base of ventral fin, occasionally falling short 



of this point by diameter of pupil, its length 17.5 to 21 percent of 



standard length, to 3 vertical series of scales between its tip and 



base of ventral pectinata, p. 21 



ee. Scales smaller, 48 to 56 oblique series crossing middle of side, 

 7 longitudinal rows on side of caudal peduncle; pectoral fin 

 shorter, failing to reach base of ventral fin by a space varying 

 from a half to a full diameter of eye, its length 16.7 to 18 

 percent of standard length, 3 to 6 vertical series of scales be- 

 tween its tip and base of ventral aurea, p. 25 



aa. Scales quite small, irregularly placed, difficult to enumerate, about 60 to 



75 oblique series crossing middle of side; body deep, its greatest depth 



36 to 45.5 percent of standard length ; upper part of opercle with feeble 



radiating striae or none ; shoulder spot not followed by smaller dark 



spots. 



/.Head small, its length 29 to 31.5 percent of standard length; maxillary 



reaching below middle of eye to posterior margin of pupil, 2.0 to 2.4 in 



head; pectoral fin short, generally failing to reach base of ventral fin 



by rather more than half diameter of eye, 5 to 8 vertical series of scales 



between its tip and base of ventral, its length 18.5 to 21 percent of 



standard length; total number of ventral scutes 30 to 32 (usually 30) ; 



vertebrae 45 to 47 smithi, p. 28 



//. Head larger, its length 31 to 35.5 (usually 32 to 34) percent of standard 

 length ; maxillary reaching to or a little beyond vertical from posterior 

 margin of pupil, 1.8 to 2.2 in head; pectoral fin longer, generally fail- 

 ing to reach base of ventral fin by less than diameter of pupil, 2 to 

 4 vertical series of scales between its tip and base of ventral, its 

 length 19 to 23.5 (usually 20 to 22) percent of standard length; total 

 number of ventral scutes 27 to 30 (usually 28 or 29) ; vertebrae 42 

 to 44 gunteri, new species, p. 31 



BREVOORTIA TYRANNUS (Latrobe) 



Menhaden, Mossbunker, Bunker, Fatback, Shad, Pogy, Bugfish 



Figure i 



Clupea tyrannus Latrobe, 1802, p. 77, pi. i, Chesapeake Bay (name; drawing, 

 without dorsal fin ; no description ; notes, which do not seem to apply to 

 menhaden, but more probably to some species of Pomolobus; an isopod, 

 Olencira pracgustator, removed from the mouth of the fish, and described). 



