ON THE ERHATIC BLOCKS OF ENGLAND, WALES, AND IISELAND. 123 



connected with it. It is isolated and entirely exposed on the bank of a 

 small rivulet. It rests upon boulder clay. 



Rev. E. M. Cole, M.A., Wetwang, President of the Geological Section 

 of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, describes the following boulders at 

 Neswick, in the parish of Bainton, East Riding : — 



No. 1 was found in a field, 250 yards E. of Bracken Road, and distant 

 from Neswick Farm about ^ of a mile. It interfered with ploughing, 

 hence dug out; attempts have been made to break it up, and three barrow- 

 loads of the block were removed by hammers. The present size is 4 ft. X 

 3 ft. X 1 ft. (J in. It is very compact ; one side has a joint face ; edges 

 sharp, rest rounded. 



No. 2 is 2 ft. 9 in. X 2 ft. 4 in. x 1 fc. 4 in.; rectangular; surfaces 

 fairly flat. 



No. 3 is 1 ft. 6 in. X 1 ft. G in. x 1 ft. 



No. 4 is 2 ft. X 2 ft. X 1 ft. ; the two latter were excavated in the 

 railway-cutting passing throngh the same field. 



All the above are basalt. 



There is also a block of siliceous limestone 1 ft. G in. xl ft. xl ft. 



Mr. William Watts, F.G.S., of Rochdale (engineer to the Oldham 

 Corporation Waterworks), reports upon erratics on the west of the 

 Yorkshire Pennines (South-West Riding of Yorks) : — 



In the Strinesdale Valley is a large variety of boulders intermixed 

 with boulder clay and the upper gravels. Silurian grits predominate, 

 then the syenites from the lake district ; also mountain limestone, 

 quartzites, and trap. Along with these are local grits, mostly gannister, 

 all of which are much rounded, especially the smaller ones, and many are 

 striated. 



The erratics are not large, 2 ft. X 2 ft. X 1 ft. 6 in. being a fair average. 

 They are well rounded ; a few are subangular, but I have not found any 

 quite angular. Some are striated on one side. The pebbles are numerous, 

 almost legion, foreign and local, making a splendid gravel but for seme 

 black shale intermixed. 



Note. — As you ascend this valley the right hand is in the South-West 

 Riding of Yorkshire. 



The hills rise to an altitude of nearly 1,200 feet above sea-level. The 

 area examined lies between the 740 and 830 feet, Ordnance datuu;. 

 Character of strata — Lower Coal Measure shales. 



Physical features — gently sloping valleys and rounded hills. 



In the Castleshaw Valley few boulders have as yet turned up ; those 

 which have been gathered are small syenites, about 12 inches square, and 

 Silurian grits. The syenites are round, but the silurian grits arc 

 angular, one specimen (1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 3 in. x8 in.) having very sharp 

 angles. Small Eskdale granites turn up occasionally*, much worn as 

 usual. One specimen of silurian grit in my possession is nicely striated 

 and smoothed. 



Near Waters's Mill an isolated erratic lies in the middle of a small 

 field, 4 ft. G in. X 2 ft. 6 in. ; hornblendic trap ; elongated and subangular ; 

 longer axis trends south-west ; upper face only exposed. 



Notes. — This valley is carved in the Yoredale shales. The surround- 

 ing hills are capped with Kinderscout grit. Grey shale, fully 250 feet 

 thick, lies between the Kinderscout and the hard and somewhat massive 

 Bakestone shale, which is unchanged in character for more than fifty feet 

 without coming to its base. The hills at the top of the valley rise to 



