166 EEPOET— 1889. 



the head-waters of the Wad Nyfis, from which I made the ascent of Jebel 

 Ogdimt (12,734 ft.), the highest point of the Atlas west of the Wad ISTyfis. 

 Amsmiz was again reached by traversing the lower ranges. 



Six weeks were unavoidably passed in the city of Morocco, the time' 

 being profitably enough spent in a study of the social and political life of 

 the Moors. 



On leaving the city an attempt I made to penetrate the glen of 

 Wad Urika failed. 



I was more fortunate by way of the Reraya. The glen of its principal 

 tributary, the Wad Iminnen, was followed to its head, from which an 

 ascent of the central crest was again achieved at the Tizi Likumpt 

 (13,150 ft.). From this point the Tizi-n-Tamjurt could be seen to rise 

 1,500-2,000 ft. higher, being probably the highest peak in the entire 

 range. 



From Reraya I passed on to Imintanut, from which I made my final 

 passage of the range, and determined to my satisfaction that the Atlas 

 Mountains properly so called end at the Asif Ig, thirty miles from the 

 coast, the further continuation of the elevated land being in the form of 

 a triangular plateau 4,000-5,000 ft. in height. From Agadir, where the 

 coast was reached, the base of this triangular plateau was skirted as far 

 as Mogador. 



From Fez as a centre it had been my intention to make a series of 

 trips into the mountains, similar to those undertaken from the city of 

 Morocco ; but the summons already alluded to stopped me en route at 

 Casablanca, and prematurely put an end to my explorations. 



Such as it was, however, from what I was able to do, a clearer and 

 more exact idea of the Atlas Range west of Demnat has been obtained, 

 and its glens and mountains mapped with some approach to scientific 

 accuracy by means of astronomical observations, careful triangulation 

 with the prismatic compass, and route protraction with the ordinary 

 compass. The central crest of the range has been reached at seven 

 independent points, and heights attained exceeding previous travellers as 

 much as 2,000 ft. Sevei'al new glens have been explored, and six passes 

 crossed, and generally much new light has been thrown on the physical 

 configuration of the Atlas. On these points it is unnecessary here to 

 enter upon further detail, as I have the honour to forward along with 

 this report the paper and map submitted to the Royal Geographical 

 Society. 



11. Geology. — Turning to geology, 1 am happy to report that, in spite 

 of manifold difliculties and obstacles, I have been able to gather together 

 sufficient material from which to construct a geological map of the Atlas 

 Range between Demnat and the Atlantic. With the exception of the 

 work done by Maw and Hooker in 1872, absolutely nothing has hitherto 

 been done to throw light upon the geological structure of these moun- 

 tains. The comparative absence of vegetation, and the numerous deep 

 gorges and glens cutting right into the heart of the range, in some sort 

 went to counterbalance the incessant espionage and suspicion which 

 dogged my every movement, and made the collecting of specimens an 

 impossibility. 



The results of my geological investigations have been embodied in a 

 paper on the Geology of the Atlas and Southern Morocco, which, along 

 with a number of diagrammatic sections and a map, I propose to lay- 

 before the Geological Society of London. 



