270 



BEPORT — 1889. 



the po-werfnl electric sraelting-furnaces, and it would be interesting to 

 know whether alloys as rich in silicon as are the present valuable alloys 

 of ferro-manganese rich in manganese could be produced. If so, without 

 doubt, considerable employment could be found for them in metallurgical 

 industry. 



Table I. — Analyses of Spiegel, Ferro-Mmiganese, Silicon- Spiegel, and 



Ferro- Silicon. 



Note. — These analyses are from the paper of Mr. Holgate, Assoc.E.S.M. Darwen,. 

 on ' The Manufacture of Ferro-Manganese and Ferro-Silicon in the Blast- Furnace.' 



Alloys or compounds of iron, carbon, and silicon, non-malleable in 

 their nature, and coming under the term 'cast-iron,' have been thoroughly 

 investigated in this country by Mr. T. Turner of Birmingham, the secre- 

 tary of our B.A. Committee, and the results placed before the Iron and 

 Steel Institute, so that it is xinnecessary to do more than touch upon this 

 matter here. Great credit is due to this investigator for the lengthy and 

 valuable researches he has made in this direction ; as also to Mr. Keep of 

 Detroit, U.S.A., who has lately presented interesting papers on the same 

 subject to the American Institute of Mining Engineers. Mr. Keep sums 

 up so well the general results of all investigations up to date, that it may 

 be well to briefly mention them, especially as some of the remarks apply 

 to a great extent to the lualleable compounds or alloys of iron and silicon 

 now being described. Both Mr. Keep and Mr. Turner find that white 

 carbonaceous cast-iron, which would invariably give porous and brittle 

 castings, are made free from honeycombs, and possess much greater 

 strength by the addition of comparatively small amounts of silicon : the 

 latter result as to gain in strength is one which was considered contrary 

 to previous experience. If further additions are made, say up to 2 per 

 cent., the iron becomes grey, and at this point the maximum strength is 

 obtained. If naore silicon is added, although the iron becomes still more- 



