TKANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 565 



3. Terrestrial Magnetism aa modified hy the Structure of the Earth's Crust, 

 and Proposals concerning a Magnetic Sm-vey of the Globe. ^ By Dr. 

 Edward Naumann. 



The author compared the investigation of the earth's structure by magnetism 

 ■with the use of iifrht in crystallograpli)', and referred to a memoir in which he has 

 given a number of instances where the distortion of magnetic curves is caused by 

 clefts in the crust, and proved that so-called ' rock magnetism ' does not, produce 

 this distortion. After a historic review of early magnetic surveys, he quoted 

 ' Locke's Magnetic Sections across the Hudson,' Xipher's ' Magnetic Survey of the 

 State of Missouri, and the Magnetic Structure of the Himalayas, Carpathians and 

 Erzgebirge,' to show the influence of igneous rocks and mountain upheavals on the 

 magnetic lines. In his own magnetic and geological survey of Japan, the author 

 shows the most remarkable correspondence between the lines of equal declination 

 and the lines of geological structure, the very irregularities being intimately con- 

 nected with the abnormal curvature of the folds; and as a typical instance he 

 mentioned that the direction of the lines is strongly influenced by the course of the 

 Fossa Magna, a great fissure extending from the Pacific to the Japan Sea coast, 

 along which a number of volcanoes have sprung up, and which turns back the long 

 series of folds which run in the general direction of the islands. A longitudinal 

 fissure intersects this, and from both large quantities of molten matter have been 

 ejected, with the result, in the author's view, of influencing the earth-currents, and 

 consequently the magnetic needle. The rest of the paper was taken up -with a reply 

 to Dr. Knott's criticisms and an appeal for an international congress on the subject 

 of a magnetic survey, which might be held in London at or about the time of the 

 next IWtish Association meeting. Such a survey would require in Japan 1,800 

 stations, in Germany '2,o00, and in Great Britain 1,500. 



4. Notes on the mnnerous newly discovered fossil footprints on the L'^nver Car- 

 boniferous Sandstones of Northumberland near Otterbnrn. By Alderman 

 T. P. Bakkas, F.G.S. 



The object of these brief notes was to record the discovery of numerous and 

 varied ichnological impressions on the carboniferous sandstones of Northumberland, 

 and to make generally known a rich and almost unknown field for ichnological re- 

 search in tlie near neiglibourliood of the locality in which the annual meeting of 

 the British Association is being held for the present year. 



The author in the introduction to his paper traced the history of ichnology from 

 the footprints discivered on the new red sandstone rocks of Scotland in 1828, the 

 labyrinthodont marks in 18-'J4, the numerous ichnological impressions on Permian 

 rocks in the United States of America, by Dr. Deane and Dr. Hitchcock, between 

 1836 and 1844 (and published in the 'American Journal of Science '), and further 

 ichnological discoveries by Dr. Dawson, Sir W. E. Logan, Mr. Brown, and Mr. G. 

 W. Smith, down to 1884. 



The footprints described by the writer were discovered by the late Mr. R. 

 B. Sanderson, in 1871, .since which time the author has frequently visited and 

 searched the locality, which is on the Northumberland Moors, near Otterbnrn, at 

 a height of 000 feet. Very numerous and varied impressions have been found, 

 consisting of the footmarks of four, three, and two toed creatures perfectly new to 

 science ; slabs containing illustrations of each were placed on the lecture table for 

 examination, and the paper was illustrated by graphic sketches on the blackboard. 

 The district was said to oe very rich in ichnological remains, and ardent geologfista 

 were urged to enter upon an early investigation of the locality. 



' Published hi cxtenso in the Oeol. Mag. for November and December 1889, pp. 

 486-490, 535-544. 



