584 . REPOET— 1889. 



consisted of unfossiliferous red sand continuous with that in the front cavey 

 where it is the lowest bone-bearing bed ; sandy clay, containing rolled pebbles ; stiff 

 red clay and yellow ferruginous sand, containing bones and teeth of Hippopotamus- 

 major, Hhinoeeros leptorhinus, Bismi priscus, Cerviis alces, Sus scrofa, Canis lupus, 

 ursus, Hycena crocuta, Afvicola amphibia. These were determined by the Rev. 

 J. M. Mello, F.G.S. No remains of burrowing animals were found in the cave. 

 Hippopotamus and leptorhine rliinoceros had been previously found in similar 

 deposits in the Grundy cave at Cresswell. 



Occupation by man was shown by ' pot boilers,' charcoal, a charred canine of 

 bear, chopped bones, with choppers and scrapers of the rudest Acheulien type. On 

 the floor of the cave, beneath a great block of limestone, a fragment of skull was 

 found, determined by Professor Boyd Dawkins to be human, and by the side of the 

 stone a fragment of human fibula. These I saw taken out in situ. In the middle 

 of the cave an artificial pillar of limestone blocks had been erected by the cave- 

 dwellers to prevent the fall of a large stone from the roof. The cave had been 

 closed up and undisturbed since the Pleistocene age. The light calcareous sand, 

 containing limestone blocks and devoid of fossils, was found only in the lowest level 

 shafts, and as the lowest bed of the largest caves and fissures, and was probably 

 deposited as a d6bris of the rocks before the caves were opened into a ravine. 

 But there is evidence of a later formation of a smaller set of caves, fissures, and 

 shafts, during the deposition of the red sand. These contain no light-coloured 

 sand, and were completely filled with unfossiliferous red sand and limestone blocks, 

 crusted over with red stalagmite, coloured by the red silt left in the upper reaches 

 of the shafts. The red sand being unfossiliferous, except only in the upper exposed 

 layer in the Robin Hood cave and gallery, points to a long period of time between 

 the occupation of the posterior, or Little John, cavern and the first occupation 

 by the ' river-drift ' men of the front, or Robin Hood, cave. And another long 

 interval must have existed between these latter and the later cave-men, whose de- 

 scendants are supposed to be the Eskimos. As these latter were in close relation 

 with the ice sheet, the earliest occupation was probably interglacial. The zoological 

 evidence points to the same lapse of time. 



The latest Palaeolithic or cave-men proper were probably evolved as a distinct 

 race by the advance of the ice pressing the earlier ' river-drift ' men into the 

 territories of hostile tribes, with enforced residence near the ice sheet. 



6, On the Fossil Fishes of the Devonian Bocks of Scaumenac Bay and 

 CampbelUon, Canada. By Dr. R. H. Traqoair, F.E.S., F.G.S. 



The Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art having recently acquired a good 

 collection of the fossil fishes from the Upper Devonian of Scaumenac Bay and the 

 Lower Devonian of Oampbellton, the author is enabled to give some notes supple- 

 mentary to the descriptions of Mr. J. F. Whiteaves in the Transactions of the 

 Royal Society of Canada. Dr. Traquair rectifies the descriptions, especially of 

 Phaneropleuron curtum, Whit. ; Emthenopteron Foordi, Whit. ; Coccosteus acadicus, 

 Whit. As new species are described, Cep/ialaspis Whiteavesii, Traq. ; Gyracanthus 

 incurvus, Traq., while Coccosteus acadicus Whit., is erected into a new genus 

 Amblyaspis. 



7. On the Occurrence of the Devonian Ganoid Onychodus in Spitzhergen.^ 

 By A. Smith Woodward, F.G.8., F.Z.S. 



In the collection of Devonian fossils from Mimes Dal, Spitzbergen, in the State 

 Museum, Stockholm, kindly shown to the author by Professor Lindstrom, is a 

 small, arched, tooth-bearing bone, indistinguishable from the so-called 'inter- 

 mandibular arch ' or ' presympliysial bone ' of the remarkable Ganoid fish, Ony- 

 chodus. The genus has hitherto only been met with in the Devonian of Ohio and 



' Printed in externa in Geol. Mag. [3] vol. vi. 1889, p. 499. 



