664 KEPORT— 1889. . 



I judge it to be opportune to present an indication of the principal Portuguese 

 explorations, at least, from the beginning of the nineteenth century, with the 

 mention of the principal documents wherein the little-known literature of the 

 subject may be studied. 



The chief Portuguese explorations of this century commence with its earliest 

 years. In 1802, the expedition sent out by Colonel Ilonorato da Costa from 

 Angola, which traversed the whole of the continent from the basin of the Kassai 

 to the basins of the Lualaba, Luapula, Bangweolo-Bemba, and North Loangwa, 

 arrived at Tete in 1811. 



In 1804 and 1805 Father Cannecatim published his dictionary and remarks 

 upon the Bunda, or Angolense, language, and the narrative of his journeys in 

 Africa. 



In 1831-1832 Monteiro and Gamitto explored the region between Lakes 

 Nj'assa, Bembo-Bangweolo, and Moero and the river Zambeze. 



In 1838-1848 Major Francisco J. Coimbra made his journey from Mozambique 

 to Benguella, across Africa, and visited the lakes to the north of Kalaari. 



In 1843-1847 Joaquim Rodrigues Gra^a went from Golungroto Bie, and thence 

 to Lnnda, almost at the eastern exti-emity of the basin of the Kassai. 



For many years Silva Porto travelled and explored the territories between the 

 valley of the Kwanza and that of Liambye on the Upper Zambeze. In 1852-56 

 his expeditions travelled from the Upper Zambeze to the Upper Luangue, and 

 between the basins of the Zambeze and of the Congo, passed to the south of Nyassa, 

 and crossed, diagonally, the region between the Nyassa, the Rovuma, and the 

 sea. 



In 1855-5GMontanliaand Teixeira explored the territories between Inhambane, 

 the Limpopo and the north of the Transvaal. 



In 1877 expeditions of engineers were sent by the Portuguese Government to all 

 their colonial provinces of Africa, and instituted the investigations and works which 

 have gone on up to now, and from which the first railways in these regions had 

 their commencement, the more perfect knowledge of many of the regions being also 

 due thereto. 



In 1877-78 Serpa Pinto crossed the continent of Africa from Benguella to 

 Bi6, and thence, by the affluents of the Kwando, to the Upper Zambeze, thence 

 to the lakes north of Kalaari, thence through Bechuanaland to the Transvaal and 

 Natal. 



In 1877-80 Capello and Ivens went from the valley of the Cunene to the valiey 

 of the Kwanza, and thence to that of the Kwango, which they investigated nearly 

 as far as lat. 6° S. 



In 1883 Antonio Cardoso visited the districts which lie between the river Save 

 and the upper valleys of the river Buzi. 



From 1880 Paiva dAndrade has been exploring the lands which lie between 

 the Zambeze and the valleys of the Save and Buzi and Limpopo. 



In 1884-1885 Capello and Ivens travelled right across Atiica, from ISfossamedes 

 to the rivers Cunene, Cubango, Liambye, Lualaba, Luapula, Lake Bemba, and 

 thence to the Zambeze, from near the month of the Kafue 1o the sea. 



In 1885-188G Augusto Cardoso traversed from Ibo to the Nyassa, and thence 

 by the Shire to the Zambeze. 



In 1884-1888 Henrique de Carvalho and Sisenando Marques investigated the 

 territories between the Kwanza and the Kassai in the districts of Lunda, Carvalho 

 going as f;ir as the river Kshidish, an affluent of the Muansangoma, near the 24th 

 degree of E. long. 



These are the better-known travels, but the Portuguese have undertaken very 

 manj- less extensive but more minute exphn-ationsthan these, which are ahnost en- 

 tirely unrecognised, and cannot be mentioned in a brief abstract ; they have thus 

 covered with a work of uninterrupted investigation, from the sixteentli century up 

 to the present time, almost all the more important regions of Africa which can be 

 found between a line drawn from the mouth of the Congo to that of the llovuma, 

 and from that of the Cunene to the south of that of the Limpopo. 



Many explorations, exclusively scientific, more limi'ed, and more delayed in 



