TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. 



C65 



their results, have been and still continue to be carried on. It was under the 

 rortugruese Government that Welwitsch made his investiirations and botanical col- 

 lections in Anirola (18r)-'i-00), Avliich are amongst tlie principal bases of all that has 

 been published on the Tropical African ilora. In 18U4--'> rinheiro liaiao collected 

 important zoolotrical specimens in the districts between the Lucala and the Bengo 

 in Eastern Africa, as did the two Missionaries, Father Antunes in Huilla, and 

 Father Barrozo in the Congo district. From 1804 Jose d'Anchietta has resided 

 iu the interior of Africa, and thence has sent the notab!e investigations and mag- 

 nificent collections, for the most part zoological, which so enrich the Natural 

 History Museum of Lisbon (Eschula Polytechnica), aud which, in part, have been 

 studied by Professors liocage (reptiles, birds, mammalia), J. A. de Sousa (birds), 

 Felix Capello. Guimarens, Osorio (tishes aud Crustacea), Matto^^o dos Santos 

 (myriapoda), M. Paulino de Oliveira, A. Girard (insects). Count de Ficalho (flora), 

 &c., not to mention other than the principal Portuguese savani.s. 



By the said Anchietta are some recent geological re.searches upon the 

 Angola formations ; and upon his collections, those of L. Malheiro (1883), aud those 

 of other travellers, the investigations of Belgado, ChoU'at, and other geologists of 

 the Lisbon Geological Commission have been founded. 



The work of the Lisbon Geographical iSociety, aud its action in the_exploration 

 and investigation of Africa, and the researches of its secretary, Mr, Luciano 

 Cordeiro, deserve important mention. 



The principal and less-known sources whence to study recent Portuguese ex- 

 plorations are : — ' Boletim e annaes do Conselho Ultramarino ; Annaes niaritimos 

 e coloniaes ' ; ' Annaes da IMarinha Portugueza ' ; ' Boletins otiiciaes da Provincia 

 de Angola': 'Boletins officiaes da Provincia de Mozambique'; 'Boletins [aud 

 other publications] da Sociedade de Geographia de Lishoa ' : ' Jorual das Scieiicias 

 Mathematicas e Naturaes da Academia das Sciencias de Lisboa ' ; Boletim [and 

 other publications] da CJoramissiio dos Trabalhos geologicosde Portugal' ; ' Memo- 

 rias estatisticas das Colonias Portuguezas,' by Botelho, Lopes Lima, Bordalo ; 'As 

 Colonias Portuguezas,' &c. 



7. Nyassaland and its Commercial Possibilities. 

 Bij Captain Lugard. 



As a sequel to the cartography of the African continent, comes the wish to 

 know something of its peoples, climates, products, aud resources. AVhat we now 

 want to know is whether Africa can supply the wants of European civilisation, and 

 take in return the products of our manufactures. Above all, whether it is a suit- 

 able field for emigration for Europeans or others. Nyassaland may be defined as 

 the country bounded on the north by Lake Tanganyika and Congo Free State, on 

 the west bj- Bangweolo, iloero, and Congo Free State, south by Zambesi, east by 

 Sliirwa, Nyassa, and Leopold. This country has recently come into public notice — 

 (a) As a centre of the slave trade ; (3) of mission work and philanthropic trading 

 eflbrts ; (7) of recent fighting of a special character. These points have gained 

 for it a notoriety which may be said to have a practical commercial value. 



n. Missions aftbrd a large can-ying trade for a trading company. They 

 develop the wants of European goods among the natives, sucli as calico, soap, 

 beads, brass wire, &c. So also in a less degree do the Arab settlements, and with 

 tbe.=e too trade should be developed by the oflering of better prices for ivory, &c. 



In return for the articles of ICuropean manufacture we should get : 



1. From native chiets. — The entree into their country, with a view to ex- 

 ploiting the minerals. In payment ivory and other local products. 



2. From the Arabs. — Toleration, they being numerically superior. Ivory. 

 .'?. From the peojjle. — Labour and porterage, and minor products. 



The missions also allbrd a strong moral support to a company, and exert an 

 influence with government, and on public opinion, which will ensure the recog- 

 nition of the claims of a company. 



ft. The anti-slavery element also exercises a moral weight. 



The products of the country may be divided into primary, which will pay for 



