TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 779 



Governing ideas common to the sepulchral architecture of prehistoric "Western 

 Europe and of early Ef^ypt. 



Method of protecting the abode of the dead from violation. 



The tomb considered as the dwelling-place of the dead, or his ' double.' 



Necessity of distinguishing the rank of the dead by the size of his sepulchre. 



Summary of points of resemblance between the pyramids and the great 

 chambered tumuli of Europe. 



Analogies between early Egypt and prehistoric Europe in regard to other arta 

 and customs. 



One reason makes it probable that the less civilised northern invaders of 

 Egypt, while adopting the civilisation of that country, would conserve their own 

 form of sepulcliral architecture. 



What must we make of certain curious analogies between the agriculture of 

 neolithic Europe and of early Egypt ? 



Analogy between curious sculptured figures in the caves of Mame with certain 

 Egyptian divinities. 



The absence of linguistic affinity between Egypt and prehistoric Europe does 

 not militate against our hypothesis. 



2. African Airs and Musical Instruments. 

 By His Excellency Governor Moloney, C.M.G. 



The author distributed the airs geographically as follows : — A, Gambia ; 

 B, Ewe or Dahomev; C, Yoruba ; and 1), IIoussa. 



In the first division specimens were given of Bambara, Mandingo, and Voloj- 

 melodies, while F<^po and Dahomey airs illustrated section B. The Yoruba division 

 included Lagos, Ibadan, and other airs, and reference was made to several Uoussa 

 melodies. 



These countries were topographically described, and brief reference was made to 

 their musical instruments and to the native minstrels. The paper concluded with 

 an e.xplanation of what is known as the ' drian-language.^ 



3. Tlie Vikings, the Direct Ancestors of the English-speaking Nations. 

 By Paul B. Du Chaillu. 



The author described the early civilisation and antiquities of the Northmen, 

 aud d\yelt upon the beauty of their ornaments and weapons, and also upon the 

 similarity of Scandinavian and English ornaments belonging to the early iron age, 

 and the love of the Northern people for the sea. He spoke of the three maritime 

 tribes of tlie north, according to the Romans, aud of the fleets of the Sueones in the 

 time of Tacitus ; of the expeditions of tlie so-called Saxons and Franks, and of the 

 home of these tribes; of the proofs from antiquities found in the North of the commerce 

 of the Northmen with the Jloman Empire and with Greece, and also pointed out 

 that the tribes of Germania were not a seafaring people, and were uncivilised, 

 according to Roman writers. He gave an account of the probable origin of the 

 names ' Saxon ' and ' Franli,' and spoke of the early settlements in Britain by the 

 Northmen during the Roman occupation, and of how the name of England might 

 have been given to part of Britain. He alluded to the different countries of the 

 Jutes, and liow the language of the North and that of England was .similar in 

 early times, and tliat England was always called by the Northmen one of the 

 Northern lands, and of the early Nortliern kings who claimed to own part of 

 England. He mentioned the English and Prankish chronicles, in which the Sueones, 

 Danes, and Northmen are described, and that neither Saxons nor Franks were a sea- 

 faring people either at the time of Charlemagne or at any earlier period, and ho 

 dwelt on the mythical settlement of Britain by Ilengist and Horsa, given by the 

 English chronicles, which is quite contrary to the Roman records, Sagas, and 

 archeology, and concluded by showing that the Northmen, or A'ikiugs, were the 

 direct ancestors of the English people. 



