I 



TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION U. 781 



Professor IloUcston, wliich is found in the lontr bnrrows of Enjrland, and is repre- 

 sented by tlie skeletons in the Genista cave at CJibniitar and by those in the (javerno 

 de rilouimo Mort in the Department of the Lozere, which have been so well described 

 by Broca. This is called the Oro-.Magnon type by De Quatrefajjes, and the Berber 

 or Iberian type b_v other writers. The normal stature was short, averasing 5 feet 

 4 inches ; inches less than that of the other dolicho-cephalic race. The cephidic 

 index is between 71 and 74. This race was orthoffnathous, and swarthy, with 

 dark curly hair, oval face, and feeble muscular development. It is now represented 

 by the \\'elsh of Denbighshire, by the Irish of Kerry and 'Jalway, by some of the 

 iScotch clans, by the Spanish Basques, the Corsicans, the Sicilians, the Berbers, and 

 the Guanches of the Canary Islands. 



(3.) We have a tall northern brachy-cephalic race, represented in the round 

 barrows of the bronze age in England, in the tumuli of Denmark and some caves 

 of Belgium. The average stat ure was 5 feet 8i inches, the mean cephalic index was 

 81. It was macrognathous — with projecting teeth and powerful jaws, a square 

 powerful chin, and a face quadrangular rather than oval. It is almost certain that 

 the hair was light, either red or reddish-yellow. This race is the Cimbric race of 

 RoUeston, the Kymry of Broca, the Sion type of Kiitimeyer, the Turanian race of 

 Dr. Thurnam, and the ' race Mongoloide ' of Priiner-Bey. It was, in all probability, 

 the race which introduced Celtic speech into England, and is now represented by 

 the tall, yellow, freckled Irish, by some Highlanders, by the Danes, and most of the 

 Slaves, by the Esthoniaus, and by many Finno-Ugric tribes. 



(4.) The fourth prehistoric race was also brachy-cephalic, but short in stature. 

 It never penetrated to England, but is represented in the sepulchral caves of the 

 Lesse in Belgium. The stature was from 5 feet to 5 feet 3 inches ; the mean 

 cephalic index was 84 ; it was orthoguathous and acro-cephalic. It is the Furfooz 

 or Grenelle type of De Quatrefages, the Celtic type of Broca, the ' type Lap- 

 ponoide ' of Priiner-Bey, the Disentis type of Riitimeyer, and the Ligurian type of 

 other writers. It is now represented by the short dark population of Central 

 JVance, more especially by the Auvergnats, the Savoyards, and the French 

 Basques. It is found in the Khnetian Alps and among the Lapps, The hair is 

 black and straight and the eyes are dark. 



These four types and no others appear to have occupied Europe in the neolithic 

 period. 



It is difficult to find fir them unexceptionable names, but we may for convenience 

 call the first the Scandinavian type, the second the Silurian type, the third the 

 Slavic type, the fourth the Auvergnat type. 



They are unmistakably distinct. There are two dolicho-cephalic types, one 

 tall and fair, the other short and dark. There are also two brachy-cephalic types, 

 one tall and red, and the other short and swarthy. 



As from linguistic considerations it would appear certain that the undivided 

 Aryans were unacquainted with metal, we must suppose that those who first used 

 Aryan speech in Europe must belong to one of these four types, and that the 

 other three types have been Aryanised by them^that is, that they are Aryans by 

 language only, and not by race. 



We have now to determine which of these four races was probably the original 

 Aryan race. 



We may begin by excluding the second or Silurian race. This race is to be iden- 

 tified with the ]k.'rbeis and the Guanches, whose language belongs to the Ilamitic 

 family of speech. 



We may also exclude the fourth or Auvergnat type, since their language seems 

 to be represented by the Basque. The French Basques belong to this type, and the 

 Spanish Basques to the Silurian ; and De Quatrefages has shown that in the early 

 neolithic period the Silurian race, which buried in caves, was driven back, con- 

 quered, and incorporated by the Auvergnat race, which buried in dolmens. North 

 of the Pyrenees the Auvergnat race retained its language, south of the Pyrenees it 

 ijiiposed its language on the Silurian race, while in Central France it was conquered 

 by the advancing Celts, whose language it adopted. 



We have left only two neolithic types, one of which must be the ancestral Aryan 



