816 EEPOET— 1889. 



frequently used, of kelp. The hook, the form of which is well known, 

 is provided with a sinker, while the upper part is kept afloat by a bladder 

 or by a piece of wood. The hooks are set, and after a while taken up. 

 Cuttle-fish is extensively used for bait. The fish are either roasted near 

 or over the fire, or boiled in baskets or wooden kettles by means of red- 

 liot stones. Those intended for use in winter are split in strips and dried 

 in the sun, or on frames that are placed over the fire. I did not observe 

 such frames among the tribes south of the Snanaimuq. The most im- 

 portant fish, however, is the salmon,, which is caught in weirs when 

 ascending the rivers, in fish-traps, or by means of nets dragged between 

 two boats. Later in the season salmon are harpooned. For fishing in 

 deep water a very long double-pointed harpoon is used. Herring and 

 olachen are caught by means of a long rake. The latter are tried in 

 canoes filled with water, which is heated by means of red-hot stones. 

 The oil is kept in bottles made of dried and cleaned kelp. In winter 

 dried halibut dipped in oil is one of the principal dishes of the tribes 

 living on the outer coast. Fish, when caught, are carried in open-work 

 wooden baskets. Clams and mussels ai'e collected in a similar kind of 

 basket. They are eaten roasted, or dried for winter use. Cuttle-fish are 

 caught by means of long sticks ; sea-eggs, in nets which are fastened to 

 a round frame. Fish-roe, particularly that of herrings, is collected in 

 great quantities, dried, and eaten with oil. 



Sea-grass is cut in pieces and dried so as to form square cakes, which 



are also eaten with oil, as are all kinds of dried berries and roots. The 



Fiff. I. Kwakiutl and their neighbours keep their provisions in large 



boxes. These are bent out of thin planks of cedar. At those 



places where the edges of the box are to be, a triangular strip 



is cut out of the plank, which is thus reduced in thickness. 



Then it is bent so that the sides of the triangle touch each 



' =^ other. 



After three edges have been made, the sides of the fourth are sewed 



together. The bottom is either sewed or nailed to the box. The lid 



■p. 2 either overlaps the sides of the box (fitting on it as the 



cover on a pill-box) or moves on a kind of hinges. In 



the latter case it has always the following form. 



The Coast Salish keep their stock of provisions on 

 a loft, with which every house is provided. 



In winter deer are hunted. Formerly bows and arrows were used 

 for this purpose, but they have now been replaced by guns. The bow 

 was made of yew-wood. The arrows had stone, bone, and iron points. 

 The bow was held horizontally, the shaft of the arrow resting between 

 the first and second fingers of the left hand, that grasps the rounded 

 central part of the bow, while the arrow is held between the thumb and 

 the side of the first finger. Deer are also captured by being driven into 

 large nets made of cedar-bark, deer- sinews, or nettles. Elk are hunted 

 in the same way. For smaller animals traps are used. Birds are shot 

 with arrows provided with a thick wooden plug instead of a point. 



Deer-skins are worked into leather and used for various purposes, 

 principally for ropes, and formerly for clothing. The natives of this 

 region go barelegged. The principal part of their clothing is the blanket. 

 This is made of tanned skins, or more frequently woven of mountain- 

 sheep wool, dog's hair, or of a mixture of both. The thread is spun on 

 the bare leg, and by means of a stone spindle. The blanket is woven on a 



