ON THE NORTH-WESTEUN TBIBES OF CANADA. 865 



The following are constructed with na : 



aq Ic na lul'nek-', tlStl a kvy atliq, if my father dies, I shall not dance. 

 liunatv'nnik-', aq turn hyc h-V(f wu nek*, if he leaves, my mind will be sick. 

 k'miitt'niiclf\ if you should leave. 



trO) <iq{2) lc(3) vc wu na {i),runS7iiafliqc'ii (5), if (4) my (2) father (3) 

 were not (1) dead (4), I should dance (5). 



Negative. 



The negative is formed by tlStl, not. The negative has always the particle nm. 



tletl qat imi nek', I am not sick. 



tUtl qat itni ntgun, I have not been sick. 



In the intcrrogcitive negative the interrogative particle follows the negative, and 

 both are contracted into tll-gTtl : 



tlegltl qat wu nek' ? am I not sick ? 



tUgltl kye qat k'vg' wu nek' ? am I not going to be sick ? 



Imperative Negative. 



tlStlat I qak- ! don't eat ! tletl at rl qak- ! don't eat ! (plural) 



tletl at to qak- ! let us not eat I 



Derivatives. 

 Undoubtedly there exist a considerable number of derivatives in Tling^t. It 

 seems probable that the majority of these derivatives are formed bj- means of particles. 

 I shall first give a few examples of the use of these particles, and the change they 

 effect in the meaning of the verb : 



rn nvk\ he (present) is sick. rv. dutl, heavy. 



7ni nek', he (absent) is sick ; he is growing sick. tletl ivu dutl, not heavy. 



{tc''E)ck-'a qa tl'i nek', I pretend to be sick. ku dEtl, heavy (referring to man). 

 ck-'a qa til qa, I pretend to eat. 



The following seem to be derivatives in the proper meaning of that term : 



se- ten, to look ; setS'n, to see. 



aq, to hear ; sea'q, to listen. 



til- ten, to see ; qa tllte'n, I look at it; 



•tc aj, to hear; rt}f(% to know. 



nek', sick ; nek'tc, to be sick a long time. 



There are some sentences that seem to indicate the existence of a dubitative 

 foi med by means of the interrogative particle : 



gvtl (1) Tis'vtgQE'n (2) ags (3) woe' (4), may be (1, 3) you (4) are a Tsimshian (2) ; 

 r.iit the same may be expressed simply with gntl : 



ffvtl (1) Ts'nf.iq^'n (2) woe' (3), may be (1) you (3) are a Tsimshian (2). 

 gutl(l) qat (2) 7VU nek' (3), may be (1) I (2) am sick (3). 



The passive seems to be formed by means of the particle wu and the stem : 



qat imi neq, I am saved ; but this appears doubtful, as the active form, Une'q, 

 to save, may be compound and mean : to make saved. 



Note. — A circumscriptive inflexion of the verb is very frequent. It is formed 

 by using the word (my, your, his) ' mind ' instead of the pronoun : 



aq torn rt: k'e', I am glad = my mind is good. 



aq torn sigo at qa, I wish to eat = my mind desires to eat. 



VERBUM SUBSTANTIVUM. 



It was mentioned above that the particle ye may have the meaning of the verltrwt 

 xuhgtanlinim. Undoubtedly the demonstrative a is frequently used in this way : 



hit a tlena, that is a large house. I hiti atia, that is your house. 



The independent pronoun stands also for the pronoun and rcrhuvi suh»tantivHm : 



qat, it is I, Tlingit woe', you are a Tlingit. 



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