870 



REPORT 1889. 



Personal Provoun. 



Note 1. — The a at the end of the ordinary and selective forms is the same a 

 •which is afBxed to all words when used independently, and also in other cases where- 

 it seems to stand merely for reasons of euphony. 



Note 2.— The a at the end of tla and la, when the subject of transitive verbs,, 

 seems to be frequently dropped, or at least to be pronounced very indistinctly. 



Demonsteative Pronoun. 



There are a number of words which take the place of demonstrative pronouns,, 

 which, however, seem to be compounds. I have not referred to the use of an article, 

 as it seems to be really the demonstrative pronoun. It is « or me/7. Here are a few 

 examples : 



oiEn g-d'qa, a baby. 

 UEH, sqoa'nsEn, one man. 



n dfd'ata, a woman. 

 n sqa'tj'a, a shaman. 

 nsn, e'tlcfiga, a man. 



The last example is suggestive of the origin of this article, which, however, is very 

 seldom used. 



This article, combined with ets, then forms the demonstrative which is most fre- 

 quently used: «?f«, to which the terminal a is frequently added : nv'tsa. To this a 

 prefix a, of unknown origin, is frequently added : and'tsa. These three forms mean. 

 ' this ' ; n-a (denoting distance) prefixed makes them ' that.' 



ancts narau u'tsi, this is his house, it is this man's house. 

 ivanots narau e'tsi, this is his house, it is that man's house. 



"We also find nEii, with and without the prefix a, used in this sense : 

 a nsn dj'a'atas nWrau c'tsi, it is this woman's house. 



I find besides this the plural form stlda and astlda, and tsk-a'c for ' these,' which 

 I am unable to explain. 



Note. — The prefix a occurs also in temporal adverbs and with the personal pro- 

 noun, third person : 



a-tlsta, some time ago. a-invia't, now. 



a-la h'tstsgua da kin ? do you see him ? a-da'rgatl, yesterday. 



Note. — The use of wa, as denoting distance will best be seen from the following 

 examples : 



wa tlo'qen, all (distant). 



wa t-F.l sJtol, many people (distant), 



wa la e'tsisgva da k-'rii ? do }'ou see him there ? 



wa nOra tlgai e'tsisgva da Jfin ? do you see my land there ? 



gy^sto wa e'tssn ? who is that ? 



watcgua gyina e'tsisgva da h-iil ? do you see anything there ? 



wa no, ets tla Tt'i'nga, I see a house there. 



Possessive Pronoun. 



The possessive pronoun has various forms, the use of which is verj- difficult to- 

 understand. As the material which I have collected is not sufficient for a satisfactory 

 explanation of the use of this pronoun, I must confine myself to giving examples of 

 the various forms, illustrating their use. 



