ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 879 



4. The plural is formed by diaeresis : 



to hang, yaq — ya'iaq. to leave the house, ksEr — ks^. 



5. The plural is formed by the prefix lu (R) : 



hungry, k'te — luk'te. to laugh, cic'ii'qs — licaa'qs. 



to be afraid, bac — lEbac. to sleep, qstoq — laqstii'iq. 



to drink, aks — laa'ks. to walk on a road, yak — liya'k 



6. The plural is formed by the prefix ka : 



canoe, qsa'o — k-aqsii'o. to dress vp, nO'otk — k-ano'otk 



face, ts'al — k-ats'Elts'a'l. to leave, di'wutlt — k-ada'. 



tired, cOna'tl — kacOna'tl. 



7. The plural is formed by the prefix hu : 



house, walp — huwa'lp. 



8. Singular and plural are derived from the same stem partly by epenthesis ; but 

 no rule of formation is evident. 



company, na'tatl — natatltatl (this may romul, tlkwia'tlk — tlkwi'yitlyatlk. 



he a distributive'). to call, ho'otk — hukho'otk. 



man, io'ot — io'ota. to scream, aya'wa — ayaluwa'da. 



raven, k'iiq — k a'rat. to watch, loma'kca — lohaya'kca, 



woman, haua'aq — hana'naq. to fall down, k aina — le'ina. 



9. Singular and plural are derived from different stems : 



vhiUl, tlkuii'mElk' — k'apEtgErE'tlk. to enter, ts'e'en — lamts'aq. 



large, wi — wu'da. to kill, ds'ak' — yets. 



xcparate, lEks — hagul. to lie {recline), nak — latlk. 



to come from, watk' — amia'an. to run, ba — otl. 



to cry, wlha'ut ( = la/rge say) — bilk. to sit, d'a — wan. 



to die, ds'ak' — dEr. to stand, ha'yetk — maqsk. 



to eat, ya'wiqk— tqu'oqk. to talic, ga — doqtga. 



It seems that in compound words only one part of the word takes the plural 

 form : 



island, lEks d'a, = separate sitting — lEks huwa'n. 

 river, g-'a.la.'aks = ascendi ng 7vatcr—g-'a.\i\.' akaks. 

 stranger, lEksgyat = separate 2Jeople — hagulEgyat. 

 town, k-'alts'a'p — k-'alts'apts'a'p. 

 glad, lo amak-fi'ot = in good heart — lO ama'mk-ak-a'ot. 



THE NOUN. 



There is no grammatical gender, and apparently no oblique case. Possessive 

 relation is either expressed by simply co-ordinating nouns or by the particle Em : 



the chiefs (1) house (2), walp (2) sEm'a'yit (1). 

 the raven's (1) master (2), mia'n (2) k-Oq (I). 



But fl white man's (1) canoe (2), qsa'e (2) Em k'amksi'oa (1). 



tfw door (1) of the home (2), lEksa'q (1) Em wa'lbEt (2). 



As will be seen, the nominative always precedes the genitive. In a few cases I 

 found WE prefixed to the possessed object or to the part : 



the man's (1) canoe (2), nE qsa'e (2) io'ota (1). 

 the dogs (1) tail (2), nE ts'O'bE (2) has (1). 



When the possessor is a person whose name is given, the possessed object takes a 

 terminal s : 



George's (1) canoe (2), qsd'es Dords (sec p. 91). 



All other relations are expressed by prepositions, which take a terminal s when 

 referring to a nomen proprium (see p. 887). 



